摘要
背景随着我国人口老龄化加剧,以家庭为核心、以社区为依托的社区居家养老模式逐渐成为养老的主要趋势。社区医疗服务作为基层医疗服务体系的重要组成,在社区居家养老中发挥着基石作用。了解居家老年人对社区医疗服务的体验,有助于提高医疗服务质量,促进医养结合发展。目的了解居家老年人选择社区居家养老的原因及对社区医疗服务的体验,分析存在的问题,为居家老年人开展以需求为导向的社区医疗服务提供参考。方法2022年2—6月,采用目的抽样法,在成都市10家社区卫生服务中心抽取年龄≥65岁的居家老年人为研究对象,设立10个焦点小组,进行面对面、半结构式访谈。采用录音、文本转录进行资料收集。采用NVivo 12软件对访谈内容编码、提取类别,主题框架分析法整理和分析访谈资料、提炼主题。结果共纳入40名居家老年人,其中男20名、女20名;年龄65~86岁,平均年龄(74.4±5.6)岁;来自市区31名、郊区9名。对访谈资料进行分析,共提炼出3个主题:(1)老年人方综合因素是影响其养老方式选择及健康需求的首要因素;(2)社区医疗服务是为居家老年人提供健康服务的重要途径,但不能完全满足老年人健康需求;(3)优化服务方式、丰富服务项目及加大外界支持可增加老年人获得感、促进老年人健康。结论居家老年人对社区提供的医疗服务基本满意,老年人自身的因素、社区医疗服务及服务方式和项目影响了居家老年人对社区医疗服务的体验,其日益增长的健康需求尚未得到满足。结合居家老年人的自身健康状况,进行专业化、多样化、精准化的社区医疗服务,并提高医疗服务质量,改进医疗服务方式,对于完善社区医疗服务体系、促进老年人健康具有重要意义。
Background The family-centered and community-based community home-based elderly care has gradually become the main trend in the context of increased population aging in China.As an important component of the primary care service system,community health services play a cornerstone role in community home-based elderly care.Understanding the experience of home-dwelling old adults on community health services will help to improve the healthcare quality and promote the development of combined medical and nursing care.Objective To understand the reasons for the home-dwelling old adults to prefer community home-based elderly care and their experience,analyze the existing problems,so as to provide reference for developing needs-oriented community health services.Methods From February to June in 2022,the home-dwelling old adults aged≥65 years old were selected from 10 community health centers in Chengdu as the study subjects by using purposive sampling method.10 focus groups were set up to conduct face-to-face,semi-structured interviews.Data collection was performed by audio recording and text transcription.NVivo 12 software was used for the coding and categories extracting of interview content and the thematic framework analysis method was used to organize and analyze the interview data to extract the themes.Results A total of 40 home-dwelling old adults were enrolled,including 20 males and 20 females aged 65-86 years with an average age of(74.4±5.6)years,31 cases from urban areas and 9 cases from suburban areas.The interview data were analyzed and 3 themes were extracted:Comprehensive factor of the old adults is the primary factor affecting their choice of pension modes and health needs;Community health service is an important way to provide health services for home-dwelling old adults,which cannot completely meet the health needs of the old adults;Optimizing service modes,enriching service programs and increasing external support can increase the sense of contentment and promote the health of old adults.Conclusion Home-dwelling old adults are basically satisfied with the health services provided in the community,but the personal factors of old adults,the modes and programs of community health services have influenced the experience of home-dwelling old adults with community health services,inducing their growing health needs unmet.Providing professional,diversified and precise community health services,improving the quality of medical services and the mode of medical services combining the health situation of home-dwelling old adults,are of great significance to improve the community health service system and and promote the health of older adults.
作者
王江月
金雪
袁同玲
唐宗宝
罗晓露
杨梅
陈红
迟春花
WANG Jiangyue;JIN Xue;YUAN Tongling;TANG Zongbao;LUO Xiaolu;YANG Mei;CHEN Hong;CHI Chunhua(Department of General Practice,Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital(School of Medicine,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China),Chengdu 610072,China;Department of General Practice,Peking University First Hospital,Beijing 100034,China;Tian Peng Community Health Center of Pengzhou City,Chengdu 611930,China;South Train Station Community Health Center of Wuhou District,Chengdu 610041,China;Jinyang Community Health Center of Wuhou District,Chengdu 610041,China)
出处
《中国全科医学》
CAS
北大核心
2024年第30期3797-3802,共6页
Chinese General Practice
基金
四川省科技计划项目(2022YFS0264)
北大百度课题(2019BD018)
成都市科技计划项目(2019-YF05-00804-SN)
横项项目(2022HX008)。
