摘要
针对花生栽培生产过程中氮肥施用不规范、生物固氮能力受抑制的现状,探究氮肥和根瘤菌剂拌种互作效应,旨在为花生绿色高效增产提供支撑。以非高效结瘤花生农花5号(NH5)和高效结瘤花生红花16(HH16)为材料,基于室外盆栽试验,于结荚期(出苗后80天)测定花生形态指标、结瘤特性、光合特性、氮素积累、氮代谢相关酶活性及产量,探究不同施氮水平下(N0、N45、N75、N105、N135、N165),蒸馏水拌种(W)和根瘤菌剂拌种(R)对花生生长发育及氮素代谢积累的影响。结果表明,随着施氮量的增加,花生主茎高、侧枝长、净光合速率、叶绿素含量、光合相关酶活性、氮代谢相关酶活性及产量呈先上升后下降的趋势。施氮在一定程度抑制了花生的结瘤能力,根瘤菌剂拌种能显著缓解抑制作用,NH5和HH16的根瘤数量较蒸馏水拌种处理分别提高了28.4%~130.5%和40.5%~178.3%。在蒸馏水拌种(W)处理下,花生叶片光合酶活性和氮代谢酶活性在N135施氮处理达到最大值;根瘤菌剂拌种(R)处理下,花生叶片光合酶和氮代谢酶活性在N105施氮处理下达到最大值。相较蒸馏水拌种处理(W),根瘤菌剂拌种处理下NH5和HH16的产量在各施氮处理下分别提高了1.2%~8.3%和7.5%~11.0%,其中NH5和HH16的单株产量均在N105-R处理下达到最大。综上,氮肥和根瘤菌剂拌种配施能够显著提高花生的光合性能、氮素吸收和结瘤固氮能力,一定程度上减少花生对氮肥的依赖。因此,适宜氮肥投入配合根瘤菌剂拌种能在提高花生自身结瘤固氮能力的同时维持较高产量,是一种绿色有效的增产途径。
Unreasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer led to inhibition of biological nitrogen fixation ability.Interaction effect of nitrogen fertilizer and rhizobium agent was studied for high-efficiency production-increasing of peanut.Two peanut varieties,Nonghua 5(NH5,low nodulation)and Honghua 16(HH16,high nodulation)were used as materials.Based on outdoor pot experiments,effects of different nitrogen application rates(N0,N45,N75,N105,N135,N165)were determined,also as seed dressing with distilled water(W),and seed dressing with rhizobium agent(R)on the morphological indexes,nodulation characteristics,photosynthetic characteristics,nitrogen accumulation,enzyme activities related to nitrogen metabolism and yield of peanuts at podding stage(80 days after emergence),in order to investigate the interactive effect of nitrogen fertilizer and rhizobium agents on peanuts.Results indicated that the main stem length,branch length,net photosynthetic rate,chlorophyll content,photosynthetic related enzyme activity,nitrogen metabolism related enzyme activity and yield of peanut exhibited a trend of increasing initially,and followed by decreasing with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Nitrogen application inhibited peanut nodulation to a certain degree.Seed dressing with rhizobium agent could significantly alleviate this inhibitory effect.The number of root nodules of NH5 and HH16 increased by 28.4%-130.5%and 40.5%-178.3%,respectively,compared with distilled water seed treatment.Under the condition of seed dressing with distilled water(W),the photosynthetic enzyme activities and nitrogen metabolizing enzyme activities in peanut leaves reached their maximum value at the nitrogen application rate of N135.Under the condition of seed dressing with rhizobium agent(R),the activities of photosynthetic enzyme and nitrogen metabolizing enzyme in leaves reached their maximum at N105.Compared with W,the yields of NH5 and HH16 were increased by 1.2%-8.3%and 7.5%-11.0%at each nitrogen application rate,respectively.The yields of NH5 and HH16 per plant reached the maximum under N105-R treatment.In conclusion,the combination of nitrogen fertilizer and seed dressing with rhizobium agent could significantly improve peanut nodulation and reduce the dependence on nitrogen fertilizer.Therefore,suitable nitrogen fertilizer combined with rhizobium agent could improve nitrogen fixation ability while maintaining a high yield,which might be a green and effective way to increase peanut output.
作者
郭佩
熊焕烨
张萍
郭凡
王彦良
韩青
赵新华
蒋春姬
于海秋
GUO Pei;XIONG Huan-ye;ZHANG Ping;GUO Fan;WANG Yan-liang;HAN Qing;ZHAO Xin-huaJIANG Chun-ji;YU Hai-qiu(College of Agronomy,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,China;Liaoning Agricultural Vocational and Technical College,Yingkou 115009,China)
出处
《中国油料作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第3期644-656,共13页
Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-13)
辽宁省“揭榜挂帅”科技攻关专项计划(2021JH/10400034)。
关键词
花生
施氮量
根瘤菌剂
结瘤特性
产量
peanut
nitrogen application rate
rhizobium agent
nodule characteristics
yield
