摘要
新石器时代先民往往倾向于在其特定取食方式下资源最集中的地点择址营生。马家浜文化、崧泽文化是太湖流域新石器时期考古学文化的重要组成部分,为探索史前生业经济、稻作农业起源等课题提供了丰富研究资料,其生业行为则反映了先民取食能力与遗址资源条件之间的影响作用。在马家浜文化、崧泽文化早期,渔猎采集定居者在择址营生时,周边是否有足够宽阔的水域环境是其首要考量因素,这种环境为他们尝试将自然洼地或小坑改造为小型稻田提供了先天便利。到了马家浜中晚期,先民只能利用土壤肥沃且不易渗漏的小洼坑种稻,当时尚在襁褓中的稻作生业随时有消失的风险。至崧泽中期时,先民已掌握稳定稻作的方法,稻作开始成为部分人群的主食。依托稻作农耕经济的推广以及人工堆筑土台技术之发明,崧泽先民在低洼的大平原地区择址营居时拥有更强主观能动性,客观上推动了其对太湖平原的开拓。
People in the Neolithic Age tended to choose the location where resources were most concentrated through specific feeding methods for making their livings.Majiabang culture and Songze culture are significant components of prehistoric archaeological cultures in the Taihu Lake basin in the Neolithic Age,which have provided abundant research materials for exploring the prehistoric subsistence economy,the origin of rice farming and other topics.Meanwhile,the practices of subsistence found in two cultures could reflect the influences from their feeding abilities and site resource conditions.In the early stages of the Majiabang and Songze cultures,whether there was a wide enough aquatic environment around is the primary consideration for people engaged in fishing,hunting and gathering when choosing a site to make a living.This kind of circumstance provided them with innate convenience for attempting to transform natural low-lying areas or shallow pits into small rice paddies.In the middle and late stage of Majiabang culture,rice could only be cultivated in those small pits with fertile and impermeable soil.As a result,the infant paddy cultivation was at risk of disappearing at that time.However,by the middle stage of Songze culture,ancestors had already mastered the methods of stable paddy cultivation,and rice became the staple food for some ancestors.Based on the development of rice farming economy and the invention of artificial soil stacking skill,the Songze ancestors had a stronger subjective initiative when choosing a site to live in the low-lying plain area,which objectively promoted their exploiting towards the Taihu Lake basin.
作者
吴京达
郭立新
Wu Jingda;Guo Lixin
出处
《农业考古》
北大核心
2024年第3期5-12,共8页
Agricultural Archaeology
关键词
马家浜文化
崧泽文化
生业行为
取食能力
资源条件
the Majiabang culture
the Songze culture
subsistence
feeding abilities
resource conditions
