摘要
步道作为户外游憩的载体,是一种满足公众自然体验、游憩休闲和自然教育需求的带状休闲空间,与国家公园建设相辅相成。新西兰拥有成熟而完善的国家公园步道系统,在其100多年的发展过程中形成了先进的运行机制和管理理念。文中从功能、类型、特色和机制等方面梳理新西兰国家公园步道建设现状和发展理念,从规划设计、生态保护、健全法律和公众参与4个方面提出对我国国家公园步道体系建设的启示。依据路程用时、难易程度、建设标准、适宜人群和装备要求等的不同,新西兰将步道分为便捷的短途步道、短途步道、步行道、超级步道、徒步步道和线路步道6种类型。在兼顾生态保护的基础上,新西兰国家公园步道串联起不同类型的自然和人文景观资源,激活了特色历史和文化遗产资源,提高了游客游憩体验的满足感并提供自然教育的场所,具有多重功能。同时,通过建设与自然景观紧密结合的生态徒步小道、设施完善且形式多样的宿营地、形式简单且内容丰富的标识解说系统,新西兰建成了独具特色的国家公园步道系统。
As a carrier of outdoor recreation,trail is a band-shaped leisure space to meet the public need for natural experience,recreation and nature education,which is complementary to national park.New Zealand boasts a sound and mature national park trail system,and has developed advanced operation mechanisms and management concepts during the past 100 years.This paper summarizes the current state and development concept of New Zealand's national park trails from the aspects of function,type,characteristics,and mechanism,and proposes the inspirations for China's construction of national park trail system from the four aspects of planning and design,ecological protection,sound law framework,and public participation.According to differences in travel time,difficulty level,construction standards,suitability for population,and equipment requirements,New Zealand divides trails into six types,including easy access short walk,short walk,walking track,great walk,tramping track and route.While placing equal importance on ecological protection,New Zealand's national park trail links different types of natural and cultural landscape resources to give play to its multiple functions of activating distinctive historical and cultural heritage resources,improving the satisfaction of tourists in their recreational experiences and providing a place for nature education.By constructing ecological hiking trails closely integrated with natural landscapes,well-equipped and diverse camping sites,and a signage and interpretation system with a simple form and rich contents,New Zealand has built its unique national park trail system.
作者
韩怡璇
赵建峰
周禹彤
张殷波
Yixuan Han;Jianfeng Zhao;Yutong Zhou;Yinbo Zhang(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi University of Finance and Economics,Taiyuan 030006,China;School of Physical Education,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China)
出处
《世界林业研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第2期124-130,共7页
World Forestry Research
基金
山西省研究生科研创新项目“黄土高原种子植物物种、谱系多样性分布格局及其环境解释”(2023KY567)
国家自然科学基金面上项目“黄土高原植物多样性格局的地理变迁及其对气候变化的响应”(32171658)。
关键词
国家公园
步道
户外游憩
新西兰
national park
trail construction
outdoor recreation
New Zealand
