摘要
【目的】探讨间伐方式对日本落叶松人工林生长状况、林下植物多样性及土壤性质的影响,寻找适合构建日本落叶松人工复层林的间伐方式。【方法】对辽东山区34年生日本落叶松人工单层纯林进行均匀间伐(蓄积采伐强度31%)和带状间伐(蓄积采伐强度50%)。以人工更新的红松、水曲柳复层林为研究对象,以日本落叶松人工单层纯林为对照(CK),以均匀间伐为T1处理,以带状间伐为T6处理,比较不同间伐方式对日本落叶松及其更新树种人工林生长状况、林下植物多样性以及土壤理化性质、酶活性的影响。【结果】(1)林分平均胸径和单株材积增长率均随间伐强度的提高而提高;不同处理的林分蓄积量表现为CK>T1>T6;T6处理的地径、树高、冠幅均大于T1处理。(2)T1处理的林下灌木层和草本层植物的物种丰富度(R_(0))和多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener指数)均提高;T6处理的灌木层Shannon-Wiener指数与CK的差异不显著,但草本层Shannon-Wiener指数有所降低。(3)T1和T6处理均降低了土壤容质量,提高了土壤持水量,T1处理的效果优于T6处理;T1、T6处理均改善了土壤化学性质,提高了土壤酶活性;不同处理土壤有机碳、全氮、铵态氮含量表现为T1>T6>CK;T1、T6处理土壤的pH值,全磷、有效磷含量,脲酶活性均高于CK,但T1、T6处理间差异不显著;不同处理土壤速效钾含量表现为T1>CK>T6;T1处理土壤的全钾含量,多酚氧化酶、碱性磷酸酶活性均大于CK;采用熵权法对经营效果进行综合评价,经营效果的得分排序为T1>T6>CK。【结论】均匀间伐是构建日本落叶松人工复层林较适宜的间伐方式。
【Objective】Effect of thinning method on growth,understory plant diversity and soil characteristics of Larix kaempferi plantation was researched to find a suitable thinning treatment for the construction of artificial multi-layer L.kaempferi plantation.【Method】Different thinning methods,including uniform thinning(T1)at thinning intensity of 31%stock,and row thinning(T6)at thinning intensity of 50%stock,were applied on 34-year-old artificial single-layer pure forest of L.kaempferi grown in eastern mountainous region of Liaoning Province.After planting Pinus koraiensis and Fraxinus mandschurica as multi-layer species in the understory area undergoing uniform thinning and cutting row,the growth of L.kaempferi and regenerated species,understory plant diversity and soil properties(physical property,chemical property,enzyme activity)were measured to investigate the effect of thinning,with artificial single-layer pure L.kaempferi plantation used as the control(CK).【Result】(1)Average diameter at breast height of the whole plantation and volume of individual tree both increased with thinning intensity.The stand volume of various treatments followed the order of CK>T1>T6,and T6 had greater ground diameter,tree height,and crown width of P.koraiensis and F.mandshurica compared with those underwent T1.(2)T1 increased the richness and Shannon-Wiener diversity index of the shrub layer,while there was no obvious difference between T6 and CK on Shannon-Wiener diversity index,despite a smaller Shannon-Wiener diversity index of the herb layer under T6 compared to that of CK.(3)Both thinning treatments led to lower soil bulk density and higher soil water capacity,with T1 showing the best effect.They improved soil chemical properties and enzyme activities,which were ranked as T1>T6>CK on higher soil organic carbon,total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen contents.Both T1 and T6,not significantly different from each other,were both superior to CK on soil pH,total phosphorus,available phosphorus and urease.T1 was contributed to the highest soil available potassium,followed by CK.Meanwhile,T1 was contributed to greater total potassium,polyphenol oxidase and alkaline phosphatase compared to those of CK,without obvious difference between T6 and CK.Comprehensive evaluation by entropy weight method showed that the scores of different forest management methods were ranked as T1>T6>CK.【Conclusion】Uniform thinning was the most suitable thinning method for the construction of artificial multi-layer L.kaempferi plantation.
作者
丁磊
潘丕克
李淳
徐庆祥
姚博
徐阳
刘晴
丁琳琳
张妍
DING Lei;PAN Pike;LI Chun;XU Qingxiang;YAO Bo;XU Yang;LIU Qing;DING Linlin;ZHANG Yan(Liaoning Provincial Institute of Forest Management,Dandong,Liaoning 118002,China)
出处
《福建农林大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第4期483-490,共8页
Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Natural Science Edition
基金
辽宁省应用基础研究计划项目(2023JH2/101300151)
辽宁省农业科学院学科建设项目(2022DD247741)。
关键词
间伐方式
更新树种
林木生长
植物多样性
土壤理化性质
thinning method
regenerated species
tree growth
plant diversity
soil physical and chemical properties
