摘要
直接空气捕集(DAC)是一种能够从大气中捕集二氧化碳的技术。本文介绍了DAC技术的发展历程、技术优缺点和发展前景,根据预测,到2050年,全球每年需要从大气中捕集超过9.8亿吨二氧化碳。综述了DAC技术的政策支持与资金投入现状,美国、加拿大、欧盟和英国等在内的国家和地区已经成为DAC技术研究、开发、示范和部署方面的先行者。分析了主流的DAC技术路线及其在工业化进程中的进展,目前最大的DAC工厂捕集量为4000t/a,并且正在规划建设百万吨级的商业化项目。指出了DAC技术需要关注的研究方向,未来应将重点放在技术的大规模部署、碳市场机制的建立和国际合作的加强上。需要进一步研究和发展DAC设备和系统,以降低成本、提高效率,并开发碳定价、碳交易和碳抵消等机制为DAC项目提供经济激励,促进投资和市场参与,同时加强国际合作,从而推动该技术的快速发展。
Direct air capture(DAC)is a technology that can capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.This article introduces the development history,technical advantages and disadvantages,and development prospects of DAC technology.According to predictions,by 2050,the global annual demand for capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere will exceed 980 million tons.It reviewed the current status of policy support and funding for DAC technology.Countries and regions such as the United States,Canada,the European Union,and the United Kingdom have become pioneers in the research,development,demonstration,and deployment of DAC technology.The mainstream DAC technology routes and their progress in the industrialization process were analyzed.The current largest DAC plant had a capture capacity of 4000t/a,and there were plans to build million-ton commercial projects.It pointed out the research directions that DAC technology needs to focus on,suggesting that future efforts should focus on large-scale deployment of the technology,establishing carbon market mechanisms,and strengthening international cooperation.Further research and development of DAC equipment and systems are needed to reduce costs,improve efficiency,and develop mechanisms such as carbon pricing,carbon trading,and carbon offsetting to provide economic incentives for DAC projects,promote investment and market participation,and strengthen international cooperation,thus accelerating the rapid development of this technology.
作者
周爱国
郑家乐
杨川箬
杨小艺
赵俊德
李兴春
ZHOU Aiguo;ZHENG Jiale;YANG Chuanruo;YANG Xiaoyi;ZHAO Junde;LI Xingchun(State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control,Beijing 102206,China;CNPC Research Institute of Safety and Environmental Technology,Beijing 102206,China;PetroChina Coalbed Methane Company Limited,Beijing 100028,China)
出处
《化工进展》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第6期2928-2939,共12页
Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress
基金
中国石油集团科技项目(2022DJ6607)。
关键词
环境
二氧化碳
直接空气捕集
发展历程
政策支持
碳市场
environment
carbon dioxide
DAC
development process
policy support
carbon trading market
