摘要
数字经济时代,数据要素与相关要素结合形成的数据专用性是影响平台包络的主要因素。数据要素同时具有乘数效应和锁定效应,二者随着数据专用性水平的变化而进行强弱演化,对平台包络产生相反的影响。然而,数据专用性对平台包络的具体影响效应尚未得到明确揭示。本文选取2012—2020年中国上市平台企业作为研究样本,采用文本分析法构建数据专用性度量辞典,运用DEA方法测量平台包络绩效,进而通过Tobit模型检验数据专用性对平台包络的影响效应。研究发现,平台企业的数据专用性分为人力、算法、渠道、场景四个维度,数据专用性对平台包络具有倒U型的影响。进一步研究发现,在平台企业技术水平的调节作用下,倒U型曲线拐点向左移动。异质性分析发现,在地区层面上,处于已建立大数据交易所地区的平台企业倒U型曲线更加陡峭,拐点向左移动;在平台类型层面上,衍生型平台相对于原生型平台的倒U型曲线更加陡峭,拐点向左移动;在企业规模层面上,大规模平台企业的倒U型曲线更加平缓,拐点向右移动。本文结论有助于指导平台企业进行合理的数据要素相关投入,推动平台企业根据自身的要素禀赋和资源能力进行合理的边界延伸,以实现平台经济有序健康发展。
In the era of digital economy,with the increasingly blurred industrial boundaries and fierce competition among platform enterprises,a large number of platform enterprises have implemented platform envelopment under the background of industrial convergence,entered seemingly unrelated target markets and achieved cross⁃border development by utilizing basic user data resources and similar technical components.With data elements and digital technologies as the core,platform enterprises achieve cross⁃border development by constructing fundamental constructive blocks of technology,product,or trading system.In this process,the user data resources accumulated by platform enterprises and the development and service capabilities based on user data resources are the exclusive value sources of enterprises,which can help them enhance market power and uniqueness,and gain competitive advantages.However,as a virtual element,data cannot exist alone and play a role,but rather acts as a“bridge⁃type production factor”.Only when it dynamically combines with relevant elements and forms specialized value and capabilities based on the business characteristics and practical needs of enterprises,can it help platform enterprises conduct envelopment behaviors.Taking A⁃share listed platform enterprises from 2012 to 2020 as samples,this paper constructs a data specificity index based on the textual information in the annual reports of enterprises,utilizes the DEA method to measure the performance of platform envelopment,and further examines the impact of data specificity level on platform envelopment.The research findings are as follows:Data specificity has an inverted U⁃shaped impact on platform envelopment.After a series of robustness tests,including changing the measurement method of data specificity,replacing research samples,adding other control variables,and conducting instrumental variable regression,this conclusion remains valid.Further research reveals that the technological level of platform enterprises moderates the inverted U⁃shaped relationship between the two,causing the inflection point of the inverted U⁃curve to shift to the left,indicating that technological progress can mitigate the threshold effect of data specificity on the inverted U⁃shaped impact of platform envelopment.Heterogeneity analysis finds that among platform enterprises located in regions with established big data exchanges,derivative platform enterprises,and small⁃scale platform enterprises,the inverted U⁃shaped impact of data specificity on platform envelopment performance is more pronounced,with the inverted U⁃curve becoming steeper and the inflection point shifting to the left.The possible marginal contribution of this paper is as follows:First,It enriches the relevant research of platform envelopment antecedents.This paper is based on previous studies that took basic user data resources as the key factor of platform envelopment,clarified that data specificity is the actual carrier of the value of data elements,further revealed the connotation and dimension of data specificity,and designed text indicators and quantified measures of data specificity from two aspects of formation mechanism and application characteristics.The influence of data elements on the platform envelopment is more specific,clear and measurable.Second,Data specificity and platform envelopment performance are incorporated into a unified logical analysis system,which enriches the quantitative research on the economic after⁃effects of platform envelopment behavior.Based on previous studies,this paper quantified the subsequent implementation effect of platform envelopment according to the performance of platform envelopment,and discussed the impact of data specificity on platform envelopment.Third,Theoretically explained the connotations of the multiplier effect and lock⁃in effect of data elements,and through empirical analysis,it confirmed the superimposed effect of the two effects,thus enriching the theoretical research on data elements.Fourth,The moderating effect of technology level and the existence of various heterogeneous effects are verified,and the effect of data specificity is further refined,making the internal mechanism of the effect of data specificity on the platform envelopment more clear.
作者
彭正银
楚伯微
罗贯擎
施柏卉
PENG Zheng-yin;CHU Bo-wei;LUO Guan-qing;SHI Bai-hui(School of Business,Tianjin University of Finance and Economics,Tianjin,300222,China;Faculty of Digital Economics and Managements,Tianjin University of Finance and Economics,Tianjin,300222,China)
出处
《经济管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第5期72-91,共20页
Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“平台企业治理研究”(21&ZD135)
国家自然科学基金重点项目“创业网络对新创企业发展的作用及影响机理”(72032007)。
关键词
数据专用性
平台包络
影响效应
乘数效应
锁定效应
data specificity
platform envelopment
influence effect
multiplier effect
lock⁃in effect
