摘要
为研究盐度对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)繁殖性能的影响,开展了不同盐度梯度下亲蟹的交配(盐度0、2、4、6、8,后续补充盐度1、3、5)、产卵(盐度0、3、6、9、12、15、18、21)及其胚胎孵化(盐度0、3、6、9、12、15、18、21)实验。测定并分析不同盐度下亲蟹的交配率、产卵率、胚胎孵化率、性腺成熟系数(GSI)、肝胰腺指数(HSI)、产卵量、生殖指数和生殖力等指标。结果表明:1)中华绒螯蟹可交配的最低盐度为1,在此盐度下雌蟹的平均交配率为(6.67±5.77)%,适宜交配的盐度范围为4~21;能够正常产卵的最低盐度为6,适宜产卵的盐度范围为9~21;2)在盐度0~21环境下,当盐度为0时,中华绒螯蟹胚胎虽可继续发育,但不能孵化出膜,其他盐度下的孵化率均随着培养时间的延长逐渐升高。当盐度为15时,胚胎的孵化率最高,盐度15中第15天时平均孵化率达到了(70.00±5.23)%;3)在盐度0~8范围内,雌雄蟹交配后各盐度组间HSI均无显著差异(P>0.05),雌蟹GSI随盐度升高表现出先上升后下降的趋势,雄蟹GSI则先下降后上升;4)在盐度6~21范围内,随盐度的升高,雌蟹的产卵量、生殖力及生殖指数均呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势。当盐度为6时,雌蟹的产卵量和生殖指数均为最低(P<0.05),分别为(13.26±2.99)万粒和(5.47±1.70)%。当盐度升至18时,雌蟹的产卵量、生殖指数和生殖力均达到峰值,分别为(31.83±2.61)万粒、(11.45±1.70)%和(0.51±0.05)万粒·g^(-1),且与其他各盐度组间有显著性差异(P<0.05)。综上所述,中华绒螯蟹交配、产卵的盐度下限阈值分别为为1和6,适宜交配的盐度范围为4~21,适宜产卵的盐度范围为9~21;从原肠期开始,胚胎最佳孵化盐度为15,适宜孵化的盐度范围为12~18;中华绒螯蟹在盐度18时繁殖性能最佳。研究表明,水体盐度对中华绒螯蟹亲蟹交配、产卵及胚胎孵化等具有一定影响。研究确立了中华绒螯蟹交配、产卵和胚胎孵化的最低盐度值及适宜盐度范围,可以为中华绒螯蟹的繁育生物学研究提供基础资料,也可为合理划分长江口中华绒螯蟹繁育场提供科学依据和参考。
The effects of salinity on the reproductive performance of Eriocheir sinensis were studied to establish the minimum salinity and appropriate salinity range for mating,oviposition and embryo hatching.Female and male E.sinensis were placed in water of different salinities.After mating and spawning,anatomical samples were taken,and embryos were taken out and incubated with different salinities.The mating rate,spawning rate,reproductive performance of E.sinensis parents under different salinities were compared.The results showed that:1)E.sinensis failed to mate at salinity 0(fresh water).At salinity 1,E.sinensis could mate,but the mating rate was low,only(6.67±5.77)%.At salinity 4,the mating rate increased significantly to(70.00±14.14)%,and there was a significant difference(P<0.05).The minimum salinity of E.sinensis spawning was 6,and the spawning rate was(40.97±4.91)%,significantly different from other groups(P<0.05).At salinity 21,the mating rate was the highest,close to 100%,and the suitable salinity range for spawning was 9-21;2)In salinity range of 0-21,At salinity 0,the embryos could continue to develop,but did not hatch.The hatching rate at other salinities increased gradually with the extension of time.At salinity 15,the hatching rate of embryos was the highest,reached(70.00±5.23)%;3)At salinity 0,HSI and GSI of females were(7.76±1.05)%and(10.46±1.29)%respectively;at salinity of 2-8,HSI of females after mating did not change significantly(P>0.05);at salinity 8,GSI of females was 0,significantly different from other groups(P<0.05).At salinity of 0-8,HSI and GSI of males after mating were lower than those before mating.There was no significant change in HSI among salinity groups,while GSI had a downward trend;4)At salinity of 6-21,with the increase of salinity,the egg production,reproductive effect and fecundity increased first and then decreased.At salinity 6,the egg production and reproductive effect of spawning E.sinensis were the lowest(P<0.05),with an average of(13.26±2.99)×104 and(5.47±1.70)%respectively.At salinity 18,the egg production,reproductive effect and fecundity of female E.sinensis reached the peak,which were(31.83±2.61)×104,(11.45±1.70)%and(0.51±0.05)×104·g^(-1) respectively,and there were significant differences with other salinity groups(P<0.05).In conclusion,the lower salinity limits of mating and spawning of E.sinensis are 1 and 6,the salinity range suitable for mating is 4-21,and the salinity range suitable for spawning is 9-21.The optimum hatching salinity of embryos from gastrula stage is 15,and the suitable hatching salinity range is 12-18;the reproductive performance of E.sinensis is the best at salinity 18.The research shows that the change of water salinity has a certain impact on the mating,spawning and embryo hatching of parent E.sinensis,and it establishes the minimum salinity and appropriate salinity range for the mating,spawning and embryo hatching of E.sinensis,providing basic data for research on the breeding biology of E.sinensis,and scientific basis and reference for the rational division of breeding grounds of E.sinensis in the Yangtze River Estuary.
作者
贺露露
耿智
黄晓荣
冯广朋
庄平
赵峰
张涛
杜楠
李春波
HE Lulu;GENG Zhi;HUANG Xiaorong;FENG Guangpeng;ZHUANG Ping;ZHAO Feng;ZHANG Tao;DU Nan;LI Chunbo(College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of East China Sea&Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,East ChinaSea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China;Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Fisheries Stock Enhancement and Habitat Restoration of the Yangtze Estuary,Shanghai 200090,China;Wuxi Fisheries College,Nanjing Agricultural University,Wuxi Jiangsu 214081,China)
出处
《海洋渔业》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第3期343-352,共10页
Marine Fisheries
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFF0608204)
上海市中华绒螯蟹现代农业产业技术体系项目(沪农科产字2017-4号)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(31972795)
中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2023TD14)
国家科技资源共享服务平台。
关键词
中华绒螯蟹
盐度
繁殖性能
交配
产卵
胚胎孵化
Eriocheir sinensis
salinity
reproductive performance
mating
spawning
embryo hatching
