摘要
在我国轻罪认定激增的背景下,犯罪附随后果的存在致使“轻罪不轻”,减损了犯罪化立法的积极意义。对因犯罪被追究刑事责任之人所施加的不利后果都应当纳入犯罪附随后果体系,并在大体上可以类型化为资格限制型和社会权益减损型。犯罪附随后果性质上应属保安处分,其正当化根据在于犯罪预防、增加犯罪成本以及维持涉公益职业的资质要求。但是该制度目前存在过度社会防卫倾向、与特殊预防目的实现欠缺合理逻辑关联、多种附随后果叠加适用以及适用程序失范等问题。对此,在实体层面应当以比例原则为指导,限缩犯罪附随后果的适用至与特殊预防目的实现具有关联性的范围,并与前科消灭制度配套适用,促进轻罪犯罪人复归社会。程序层面应当统一犯罪附随后果的上位法规范依据,推动其适用权限向司法权收束,增强其适用的刑事司法性。
Under the background of the rapid increase in the identification of misdemeanors in our country,the existence of criminal incidental consequences leads to“misdemeanors are not minor”,which detracts from the positive significance of criminalization legislation.The adverse consequences imposed on criminals should be included in the system of collateral consequences,which can be broadly categorized as types of qualification restriction and social rights reduction.The nature of criminal incidental consequences should be classified as security measures,and its justification lies in crime prevention and maintaining the qualification requirements for public welfare professions.However,there is currently a tendency towards excessive social defense in this system,which is manifested in the indirect criminal consequences guided by the“implicated thinking”,the lack of reasonable logical connection with the implementation of special prevention objectives,the overlapping application of multiple collateral consequences,and the problem of improper application procedures.In this regard,the entity level should be guided by the principle of proportionality,limit the scope of the incidental consequences of crime to the realization of special prevention purposes,and apply it with the elimination system of criminal records to promote the return of minor criminals to society.At the procedural level,we should unify the normative basis of the upper law of the incidental consequences of crime,promote its applicable authority to the judicial power,and enhance its application of criminal justice.
作者
宋睿
SONG Rui(School of Criminal Justice,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)
出处
《辽宁警察学院学报》
2024年第4期78-88,共11页
Journal of Liaoning Police College
关键词
犯罪附随后果
保安处分
职业禁止
前科消灭
criminal collateral consequences
security punishment
occupational prohibition
abolition of crime record
