摘要
[背景]高速公路收费站空气污染严重,收费人员存在较高的职业暴露风险,亟须研发适用于高速公路收费岗亭气载颗粒物和微生物病原体的净化方法。[目的]验证低温等离子体空气净化器对高速公路收费岗亭室内气载颗粒物和微生物的净化效果。基于对照干预实验设计,选取某高速公路收费站三个收费岗亭作为测点,开展6 d的现场对照干预实验(无干预期:前3 d未开启低温等离子体净化器;干预期:后3 d每天9:00-17:00开启净化器)。实验期间持续监测室内外等效直径小于2.5μm(PM_(2.5))和小于10μm(PM_(10))的可吸入颗粒物浓度;每天上午(9:00)、中午(12:00)和下午(17:00),使用浮游微生物采样器采集收费岗亭室内外空气样品,分析气载细菌总数;每天9:00-17:00采用智能中流量颗粒物采样器持续采集最外侧出站口室内的气载颗粒样品,使用基因测序分析样品内含细菌和真菌种属明细及其相对丰度。采用独立样本t检验比较干预期和无干预期室内气载PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)和细菌总数的浓度差异;采用α多样性分析、β多样性分析和t检验(两组比较),比较干预期3 d和无干预期3 d气载颗粒样品内含细菌和真菌具体种属及样品内含典型致病细菌和真菌病原体种属的物种多样性和相对丰度差异,以反映低温等离子体空气净化器对气载PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)和微生物的净化效果。[结果]干预期室内PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)浓度及细菌总数的均值均低于无干预期室内均值(P<0.01或P<0.001);干预期PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)的室内浓度/室外浓度值(I/O)均低于无干预期(P<0.001);但干预期细菌总数的I/O值与无干预期比较,差异无统计学意义。以上午9:00收费岗亭室内PM_(2.5)的平均浓度为基准,中午12:00和下午17:00的室内PM_(2.5)平均净化率分别为49.0%和46.1%,PM_(10)为49.7%和45.4%,细菌总数为50.8%和49.9%。β多样性分析显示干预期和无干预期细菌种水平,真菌属水平和种水平上的物种组成成分均存在差异。与无干预期相比,干预期颗粒样品内含乳杆菌属等10种细菌和圆酵母菌属等7种真菌的相对丰度更低,但干预期枝孢霉科未分类属、多臂菌属和尾孢菌属真菌的丰度更高(均P<0.05)。对于典型致病菌,干预期乳杆菌属细菌和狭窄梭菌属细菌的相对丰度分别降低了73.5%和86.9%,干预期篮状菌属真菌降低了53.5%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]低温等离子体空气净化器对高速公路收费岗亭室内气载PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)和浮游细菌具有较好的净化效果,但对室内气载颗粒内含部分真菌的净化作用可能有限。
[Background]The serious air pollution of highway toll booths poses a high occupational exposure risk to toll collectors.It is urgent to develop purification methods suitable for airborne particles and microbial pathogens in highway toll booths.[Objective]To verify the purification effect of low temperature plasma air purifiers on airborne particles and microbes in highway toll booths.[Methods]Based on controlled-intervention design,we selected three toll booths in an expressway toll station as on-site experimental locations for 6 d(no-intervention period:the low-temperature plasma purifier was turned off in the first three days;intervention period:the purifier was turned on from 9:00 to 17:00 in the following three days).The indoor and outdoor PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) concentrations were continuously monitored during the study.At 9:00,12:00,and 17:00 of every day during the experiment,indoor and outdoor air samples were collected to analyze the concentration of airborne culturable colonies with a plankton sampler.Airborne particle samples were col-lected in the outermost exit continuously from 9:00 to 17:00 every day during the experiment using a medium flow particulate sampler,and the species and relative abundance of fungi and bacteria contained in the samples were analyzed by gene sequencing.Independent-sample t test was used to compare the concentration of indoor PM_(2.5),PM_(10),and culturable colonies between the intervention period and the non-intervention period.αdiversity analysis,βdiversity analysis,and t test were used to compare the diversity and relative abundance of specific species of bacteria and fungi,as well as typical pathogenic bacteria and fungi in the samples between the non-intervention period and the intervention period to reflect the purification effect of low temperature plasma air purifier on airborne PM_(2.5),PM_(10),and microor-ganisms.[Results]During the intervention period,the mean indoor concentrations of PM_(2.5),PM_(10),and culturable colonies were lower than those of the no-intervention period(P<0.01 or P<0.001).The ratios of indoor to outdoor concentration(I/O)of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) during the in-tervention period were significantly lower than those of the no-intervention period(P<0.001),except the I/O of culturable colonies.Compared with the average concentration at 9:00,the average cleaning rates at 12:00 and 17:00 for PM_(2.5) were 49.0%and 46.1%,for PM_(10) were 49.7%and 45.4%,for airborne culturable colonies were 50.8%and 49.9%,respectively.Theβdiversity analysis showed that there were significant differences in composition at the level of species of bacteria,and at the levels of genus and species of fungi between the intervention and the no-intervention periods.The relative abundances of 10 species of bacteria such as Lactobacillus and 7 species of fungi such as Torula in the intervention period were significantly lower than those in the non-intervention period,but the relative abun-dances of fungi such as unclassified_f_cladosporiaceae,trichomerium,and cercospora were higher(P<0.05).For typical pathogenic bac-teria,the relative abundances of Lactobacillus and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 during the intervention period were 73.5%and 86.9%lower than those in the no-intervention period,and the relative abundance of Talaromyces was 53.5%lower(P<0.05).[Conclusion]Low temperature plasma air purifier has a good purification effect on indoor PM_(2.5),PM_(10),and culturable colonies in highway toll booths,and likely a limited effect on some fungi.
作者
刘松荣
周世军
肖燕萍
周鹏
晏致涛
马非
钟永力
蔡姣
刘炜
LIU Songrong;ZHOU Shijun;XIAO Yanping;ZHOU Peng;YAN Zhitao;MA Fei;ZHONG Yongli;CAI Jiao;LIU Wei(Technology Research and Development Center,Zhejiang Communications Investment Expressway Operation Management Co.,LTD.,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310020,China;School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Chongqing University of Science and Technology,Chongqing 401331,China;Institute for Health and Environment,Chongqing University of Science and Technology,Chongqing 401331,China;Chongqing Energy Investment Group Science and Technology Co.,LTD.,Chongqing 400061,China)
出处
《环境与职业医学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第5期474-481,共8页
Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine
基金
浙江省交通运输厅科技计划项目(202215)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52208096)
重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(cstc2021jcyjmsxmX0614)。
关键词
低温等离子体
收费岗亭
可吸入颗粒物
细菌总数
基因测序
净化效果
low temperature plasma
toll booth
inhalable particle
culturable colony
gene sequencing
purification effect
