摘要
在当今数字化时代,海量数据的生成和积累呈现出爆炸式增长的趋势,因此对存储容量的需求急速上升.传统磁记录磁盘CMR因其高容量和低成本而被视为解决海量数据存储的首选.然而,由于超顺磁效应的制约,CMR(Conventional Magnetic Recording)磁盘面密度的提升已触及极限.为了突破这一限制,叠瓦式磁记录技术SMR(Shingled Magnetic Recording)应运而生.基于传统硬盘架构,该技术以重叠磁道的方式,显著提升了磁盘面密度.但SMR磁盘在处理随机写时,会产生不可预测的写放大效应,从而严重影响I/O性能.为解决这一问题,业界随即提出了交错式磁记录技术IMR(Interlaced Magnetic Recording),利用优化的磁道布局和热辅助磁记录技术,有效实现了存储容量与性能的平衡.本文首先详细介绍了SMR和IMR的技术原理和磁盘类型,并量化分析了影响设备I/O性能的关键问题.然后,重点介绍了设备级优化方案,分析并总结了不同策略的优缺点与优化目标.接着,概述了面向设备的系统级和应用级设计方案,如文件系统、独立磁盘阵列技术和数据库等.最后讨论了在未来优化SMR磁盘和IMR磁盘性能可能的研究方向.
In the digital age,the generation and accumulation of massive amounts of data are exploding,driving the demand for storage capacity sharply.Conventional magnetic recording disks(CMR)are considered the preferred solution for massive data storage due to their high capacity and low cost.However,the presence of the superparamagnetic effect(SPE)limits further improvements in CMR disk density.To overcome this limitation,shingled magnetic recording(SMR)technology was developed.Based on the conventional hard disc architecture,this technology dramatically increases disk areal density by overlapping tracks.However,SMR disks produce unpredictable write amplification effects when performing random writes,which can severely impact I/O performance.To solve this problem,the industry then proposed interlaced magnetic recording(IMR)technology,which uses an optimized track layout and heat-assisted magnetic recording technology to effectively balance storage capacity and performance.In this paper,we first introduce the technical principles,disk types,and applications of SMR and IMR in detail,and quantitatively analyzes the write interference problem that affects their I/O performance.It then focuses on solutions to optimize their I/O performance at the device level,analyzing and summarizing the advantages,disadvantages,and optimization objectives of different strategies in each type of solution.An overview of device-oriented system-level and application-level optimization solutions,such as file systems,redundant array of independent disk(RAID)technologies,and databases,is then provided.Finally,possible research directions for optimizing the performance of SMR and IMR disks in the future are discussed.
作者
伍卫国
张驰
于芳星
聂世强
李孟涵
牛洁
WU Wei-guo;ZHANG Chi;YU Fang-xing;NIE Shi-qiang;LI Meng-han;NIU Jie(Department of Computer Science and Technology,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710000,China)
出处
《电子学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第5期1759-1782,共24页
Acta Electronica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金(No.61972311,No.62202368)。
关键词
超顺磁效应
叠瓦式磁记录
交错式磁记录
磁道布局
写干扰
写放大
superparamagnetic effect
shingled magnetic recording
interlaced magnetic recording
track layout
write interference
write amplification
