摘要
【目的】研究不同行距配置棉花适宜的种植密度,为新疆南疆机采棉筛选合理种植方式和适宜密度提供理论依据。【方法】通过大田试验,采用裂区试验设计,主区设置4个行距配置方式,即H_(3):1膜3行(76 cm等行距)、H_(4):1膜4行(66+10+66)cm、H_(5):1膜5行(10+66+66+10)cm、H_(6):1膜6行(10+66+10+66+10)cm;副区设置3个种植密度,分别为A_(1):15×10^(4)株/hm^(2)、A_(2):18.75×10^(4)株/hm^(2)、A_(3):22.5×10^(4)株/hm^(2),测定棉花农艺性状、叶面积、干物质积累量及籽棉产量,筛选不同行距配置下的棉花最适种植密度。【结果】不同行距棉花株高在打顶后表现为随密度增加而增高,A_(3)处理的株高均显著高于A_(1)处理;打顶后棉花茎粗随密度增加而变小,A_(1)处理的茎粗均显著高于A_(3);棉花最大叶面积指数LAI在H_(3)和H_(4)条件下时表现为随密度的增加而增大,而在H_(5)和H_(6)条件下则表现为A_(2)密度下最大;不同行距棉花最大单位面积干物质积累量均为A_(2)处理的最大;密度显著影响籽棉产量和单位面积成铃数,行距显著影响单铃重。H_(5)A_(2)获得最高籽棉产量为7026.9 kg/hm^(2),较其他处理高0.8%~14.5%。【结论】1膜3行(H_(3))、1膜4行(H_(4))、1膜6行(H_(6))行距配置下较优化的棉花种植密度为22.5×10^(4)株/hm^(2),1膜5行(H_(5))适宜棉花种植密度为18.75×10^(4)株/hm^(2)。
【Objective】To explore the suitable planting density of cotton with different row spacing configurations in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the rational planting method and suitable density of machine cotton picking in southern Xinjiang.【Methods】Through field experimental research,the split-plot experimental design was adopted,and four row spacing configurations were set in the main area,namely 3 rows of H_(3):1 membrane(76 cm equal row spacing),4 rows of H_(4):1 membrane(66+10+66)cm,5 rows of H_(5):1 membrane(10+66+66+10)cm,6 rows of H_(6):1 membrane(10+66+10+66+10)cm,and 3 planting densities were set in the secondary area,respectively,A_(1):150,000 plants/hm^(2);A_(2):187,500 plants/hm^(2);A_(3):225,000 plants/hm^(2),the agronomic traits,leaf area,dry matter quality and seed cotton yield of cotton were determined in order to obtain the optimal planting density of cotton under different row spacing configurations.【Results】The experimental results showed that the plant heights of cotton with different row spacing increased with the increase of density after topping,and the plant heights of A_(3)treatment were significantly higher than those of A_(1)treatment.After topping,the thickness of cotton stems became smaller with the increase of density,and the thickness of the stems treated with A_(1)was significantly higher than that of A_(3).The maximum LAI of cotton increased with the increase of density under H_(3)and H_(4)conditions,while it was the maximum at A_(2)density under H_(5)and H_(6)conditions.The maximum dry matter accumulation per unit area of cotton with different row spacing was the largest in A_(2)treatment.The density significantly affected the yield of seed cotton and the number of bolls per unit area,and the row spacing significantly affected the weight of the single boll.The highest seed cotton yield obtained by H_(5)A_(2)was 7,026.9 kg/hm^(2),which was 0.8%-14.5%higher than that of other treatments.【Conclusion】Under the conditions of this study,the optimal planting density of 1 membrane with 3 rows(H_(3)),1 membrane with 4 rows(H_(4))and 1 membrane with 6 row(H_(6))spacing was 225,000 plants/hm^(2),and the suitable planting density of 1 membrane with 5 rows(H_(5))was 187,500 plants/hm^(2).
作者
刘超群
董合林
万素梅
郑苍松
骆磊
马云珍
董祯林
陈国栋
李鹏程
LIU Chaoqun;DONG Helin;WAN Sumei;ZHENG Cangsong;LUO Lei;MA Yunzhen;DONG Zhenlin;CHEN Guodong;LI Pengcheng(College of Agronomy,Tarim University,Aral Xinjiang 843300,China;Cotton Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization,Anyang Henan 455000,China;Western Agricultural Research Center,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changji Xinjiang 831100,China)
出处
《新疆农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第5期1112-1121,共10页
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
“丝路同源智慧闽昌”棉花减肥增效李鹏程团队项目
棉花产业技术体系岗位科学家(CARS-15-11)
中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-CCRI)
棉花生物学国家重点实验室开放课题(CB2020A08)
塔里木大学校长基金团队项目(TDZKCX202309)。
关键词
棉花
行距
密度
产量
cotton
row spacing
density
yield
