摘要
北方农牧交错区是我国遏制荒漠化和沙化东移南下的重要生态安全屏障,对国家粮食安全和边疆稳定具有重要战略意义。长期以来,由于严重土壤风蚀和过度耕作而导致的农田沙化退化和产能下降等问题日益凸显,国内外开展实施的秸秆粉碎覆盖地表防风蚀技术,在农牧交错区应用时秸秆易吹移造成土壤裸露、防风减蚀稳定性差,因此,秸秆覆盖防风蚀技术的深入研究在农田生态治理方面具有重要意义。文章论述了留茬覆盖、碎秆覆盖、茬-秆复合覆盖等秸秆覆盖技术的防风蚀效应和保墒培肥效应,阐明了秸秆覆盖对土壤微生物群落结构和作物农艺性状与产量性状的影响,总结了茬-秆复合覆盖技术的创新内容和应用效果,明确了结合农牧交错区生态特点和复杂耕种制度创建的差异化茬-秆复合精准覆盖技术的防风减蚀效果和适宜性。差异化茬-秆复合精准覆盖技术已成为我国东北黑土地保护、国家耕地保护与质量提升等重大工程的主导技术并大面积推广应用,为农田保护利用和国家粮食安全提供了重要科技支撑。
The northern agro-pastoral ecotone is an important ecological security barrier to curb desertification and sandification east to South in China,which is of great strategic significance to national food security and border stability.For a long time,the problems of farmland desertification degradation and productivity decline caused by serious soil wind erosion and over-cultivation have become increasingly prominent.The technology of straw crushing and covering surface wind erosion prevention has been carried out at home and abroad.The application of straw in the agro-pastoral ecotone is easy to blow away the soil and the stability of wind erosion control is poor.Therefore,the in-depth study of straw mulching technology for wind erosion prevention is of great significance in farmland ecological management.The paper discusses straw mulching techniques such as stubble mulching,broken straw mulching and stubble-straw composite mulching on wind erosion prevention and soil moisture conservation and fertilization,elucidates the effects of straw mulching on soil microbial community structure and crop agronomic traits and yield traits,summarizes the innovative content and application effects of stubble-straw composite mulching technology,and clarifies the effect and suitability of the wind erosion prevention by the differentiated stubble-straw composite precision mulching technology created in combination with the ecological characteristics of agro-pastoral ecotone and complex farming systems.The differentiated stubble-straw composite precise mulching technology has become the leading technology in major projects such as black soil protection in Northeast China,national farmland protection and quality improvement,and has been widely promoted and applied,providing important scientific and technological support for farmland protection and utilization,and national food security.
作者
任永峰
刘丹
张向前
路战远
程玉臣
张德健
何进
赵小庆
高艳华
REN Yongfeng;LIU Dan;ZHANG Xiangqian;LU Zhanyuan;CHENG Yuchen;ZHANG Dejian;HE Jin;ZHAO Xiaoqing;GAO Yanhua(Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China;College of Life Sciences,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010020,China;Key Laboratory of Black Soil Protection and Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hohhot 010031,China;China Agricultural University,Beijing 100091,China)
出处
《北方农业学报》
2024年第2期97-106,共10页
Journal of Northern Agriculture
基金
内蒙古科技重大专项(ZDZX2016014)
内蒙古科技计划项目(2021GG064)
内蒙古农牧业创新基金项目(2022CXJJN10)。
关键词
北方农牧交错区
留茬覆盖
秸秆覆盖
茬-秆复合覆盖
防风减蚀
Northern agro-pastoral ecotone
Stubble mulching
Straw mulching
Stubble-straw compound mulching
Wind erosion prevention and control
