摘要
注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)又称儿童多动症,是一种多见于儿童,尤其是学龄前儿童的行为障碍性疾病。该病可能会引起认知障碍、学习困难、品行障碍等其他精神疾病,严重影响儿童的生活质量,而且目前全球患病人数仍旧在不断增加。建立一种与临床病证及发病原理吻合度高的动物模型对于深入研究该疾病的预防治疗是至关重要的。近年来,关于ADHD动物模型的研究迅速发展,研究者们从遗传和环境等角度开发了近20种动物模型,但是大多数动物模型目前还处在探索阶段,并没有足够的研究来详细探讨其发病机制、核心特征和药物作用。自发性高血压(SHR)大鼠因为其优秀的表面有效性及发病阶段更加符合儿童期等诸多优势成为目前应用最为普遍的ADHD动物模型。此外多巴胺转运体(DAT)敲除小鼠、蛛毒素受体基因3(LPHN3)敲除大鼠和新生期大鼠缺氧模型也都表现出了良好的表面有效性。有研究者给SHR大鼠每日注射左旋甲状腺肝素钠,造模后大鼠既可以表现出多动症的典型症状,还具有阴虚阳亢的证候表现,成功模拟了ADHD阴虚阳亢证型的病证模型,为中西医病证结合ADHD动物模型的构建及评价提供了全新思路。该文综述了近10年来国内外报道的ADHD动物模型,将ADHD啮齿类动物模型总结归纳为遗传模型、化学物质诱导型及环境诱导型3大类,并分别对其进行概括分析,以期为ADHD的实验研究选择和合适模型地探索提供参考。
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),also known as hyperactivity disorder in children,is a behavioral disorder commonly found in children,particularly preschool-aged children.This disorder can lead to cognitive impairment,learning difficulties,conduct disorders,and other mental health issues,severely impacting the quality of life for affected children.Moreover,the global prevalence of ADHD continues to rise.Establishing an animal model that closely aligns with clinical symptoms and the pathogenesis of the disease is crucial for advancing research on the prevention and treatment of ADHD.In recent years,research on animal models of ADHD has rapidly developed.Researchers have developed nearly 20 animal models from genetic and environmental perspectives.However,most of these models are still in the exploratory stage,and there is insufficient research to thoroughly investigate their pathogenesis,core characteristics,and drug effects.The spontaneously hypertensive rat(SHR)is currently the most commonly used animal model for ADHD because of its excellent face validity and developmental stage that better corresponds to childhood.In addition,dopamine transporter(DAT)knockout mice,LPHN3 knockout rats,and neonatal rat hypoxia models have also shown good face validity.Some researchers have injected SHRs with daily doses of levothyroxine sodium,which not only induces typical ADHD symptoms in the rats but also exhibits signs of Yin deficiency and Yang hyperactivity,which successfully simulates the Yin deficiency and Yang hyperactivity syndrome type of ADHD,providing a new approach for constructing and evaluating ADHD animal models that combine both traditional Chinese and western medicine.This article reviewed ADHD animal models reported in China and abroad over the past decade,summarized rodent models of ADHD into three major categories:genetic models,chemically induced models,and environmentally induced models,and analyzed each category to provide a reference for selecting and exploring appropriate models for experimental ADHD research.
作者
井贺云
康乐
董亚博
杨艳丽
李秀敏
苗明三
JING Heyun;KANG Le;DONG Yabo;YANG Yanli;LI Xiumin;MIAO Mingsan(College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Henan University of Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou 450046,China;School of Pharmacy,Henan University of Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou 450046,China;First School of Clinical Medicine,Henan University of Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Zhengzhou Taifeng Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450046,China)
出处
《中国实验方剂学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第15期280-289,共10页
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae
基金
岐黄学者支持项目(国中医药人教函2022-6)
河南省重大科技专项(221100310400)
河南省重大科技专项(201300310100)
国家中医药管理局联合开放课题(GZY-KJS-2022-040-1)。
关键词
注意力缺陷多动障碍
动物模型
实验动物
研究进展
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
animal model
experimental animal
research progress
