摘要
本文基于中国东北北部地区121个气象站1968—2019年逐日积雪深度、降水、气温、海拔高度资料,利用统计方法对雪面雨日数气候学和长期变化特征及其影响因子进行了分析。结果表明:中国东北北部地区年均雪面雨日数在0.12~3.60 d之间,其中长白山(1.34 d),大、小兴安岭地区雪面雨日数偏多,最多出现在长白山南部,高原和平原地区雪面雨日数少,年均0.83 d以下。雪面雨发生在秋季积雪积累期和春季融化期,峰值分别出现在10月和4月,春季积雪消融期比秋季积累期多,约是其2倍。近52 a东北北部地区雪面雨日数呈减少趋势,大、小兴安岭减少较快(气候倾向率分别是-0.107 d/10a和-0.105 d/10a,均通过显著性检验)。冷季降雨日数和积雪日数对雪面雨贡献具有空间异质性,大兴安岭地区虽然降雨日数少但积雪日数多,使得该地区雪面雨日数较大,长白山地区则相反。月尺度上,雨日和积雪日数的共同增加(减少)导致3月(9月)雪面雨日数增加(减少),4月长白山、松嫩平原和小兴安岭地区雨日和积雪日数共同减少导致雪面雨日数减少。10月积雪日数减少是雪面雨日数减少的主因。积雪积累和融化初期(9月和3月)降雨日数和积雪日数共同变化导致雪面雨变化,而在积雪积累和融化后期(10月和4月)积雪日数对雪面雨变化贡献更大。年雪面雨日数和雪面雨量随海拔的升高而增加。
Based on the daily snow depth,precipitation and air temperature data during 1968-2019 from 121 stations in the northern part of Northeast China(NNEC),statistical methods were utilized to analyze the climatology,long-term change and impacting factors of rain-on-snow.Results showed that:the annual mean rain-on-snow day number in the NNEC ranges between 0.12-3.60 d,rain-on-snow is most frequently seen in the Changbai Mountains(1.34 d),Da and Xiao Hinggan mountains,with maximum values seen in the southern part of Changbai Mountains.Plateau and plain areas saw less rain-on-snow events,less than 0.83 d a year.Rain-on-snow occurred in snow accumulating and melting season,peaking in October and April,more frequently seen in melting season than accumulating season,almost two times more frequent.Rain-on-snow saw a decreasing trend in all sub-regions in recent 52 years,Da and Xiao Hinggan mountains decreased significantly(climate tendency rate-0.107 d/10a and-0.105 d/10a,respectively,passing a significant test).The contribution of cold season rain day number and snow cover day number to rain-on-snow events showed spatial heterogeneity.Although rain day number is less in Da Hinggan Mountains,the snow cover day number and lasting day number is the largest in this area which is beneficial for rain-on-snow event,while in the Changbai Mountains a larger rain day number leads to more rain-on-snow events.On monthly scale,the increase(decrease)of rain day number and snow cover day number caused rain-onsnow event increase(decrease)in March(September).In April,the decrease of rain day number and snow cover day number contributed to the decrease of rain-on-snow events in Changbai Mountains,Songnen Plain and Xiao Hinggan Mountains.The decrease of the snow cover day number is the main cause for a rain-on-snow decrease in October.In the early stages of snow accumulating and melting(September and March)season,the common changes of rain day number and snow cover day number caused the rain-on-snow variation,while snow cover day contributed more in the late stages(October and April).Annual rain-on-snow day number and precipitation amount increased with increasing altitude.
作者
宝乐尔其木格
Baoleerqimuge(Forestry College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019,China)
出处
《地理研究》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第7期1850-1861,共12页
Geographical Research
基金
内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2024LHMS04024)
内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目(NJZY20042)
内蒙古农业大学2015年高层次引进人才科研启动基金(YJ2015-2)
内蒙古农业大学林学院青年教师科研基金项目(DC2000001013)。
关键词
东北北部地区
雪面雨
变化
影响因素
northern part of Northeast China
rain-on-snow
changing characteristics
influencing factors
