摘要
随着工业化进程的迅速发展,大气污染问题已不容忽视,青藏高原东北部作为中国重要的生态安全战略地区,由于其常年多风的地理特点导致土地荒漠化,而土地荒漠化会带来颗粒物污染的问题。笔者以青藏高原东北部地区逐月可吸入颗粒物(PM_(10))和细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))浓度为基础,分析了大气颗粒物PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)时空分布特征,与气象因素(降水量、气温和风速)之间的相关性及受气象因素的影响程度。结果表明:①东部人口密集和经济发达的西宁市、海东市和黄南州PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)较高,以上3个市州的PM_(2.5)平均水平分别为44.2μg/m^(3),44.7μg/m^(3)和36.5μg/m^(3),PM_(10)平均水平分别为99.1μg/m^(3),99.7μg/m^(3)和72.2μg/m^(3);2015~2019年的时间分布上各地区颗粒物浓度呈现逐年下降的趋势;空间分布表明PM_(2.5)呈现从西到东逐渐升高的趋势,PM_(10)则呈东高西低分布。②各地区气温和降水量的峰值均出现在夏季,呈现出“Λ”型的分布规律;而各地区的PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)逐月浓度变化整体呈现出“V”型的分布规律,非采暖季颗粒物浓度最低、采暖季颗粒物浓度最高。③各种气象因素的影响中,PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)与降水量、气温、风速均呈负相关,并且PM_(2.5)浓度受到风速的负向影响,而PM_(10)浓度受到风速的显著正向影响,表明风起扬尘对该区域大气污染贡献突出但风速与污染物浓度的作用机制复杂。本研究可为典型地区空气质量的改善与预测提供理论基础与参考依据。
With the rapid development of industrialization,the problem of air pollution can not be ignored.As an important ecological security strategic area in China,the Northeast Tibetan Plateau had prominent particulate pollution caused by soil desertification.Based on the monthly concentrations of inhalable particulate matter(PM_(10))and fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))in 8 cities(prefectures)from 2015 to 2019 and the meteorological data,this study analyzed the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10),the relationships between them and meteorological factors(precipitation,temperature and wind speed)and the degree of influence of meteorological factors.The results showed that:①Xining city,Haidong city and Huangnan prefecture,which were densely populated and economically developed in the east of Qinghai province,had higher PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) concentrations,with an average level of 44.2μg/m^(3)(99.1μg/m^(3))、44.7μg/m^(3)(99.7μg/m^(3))and 36.5μg/m^(3)(72.2μg/m^(3))respectively.In terms of time distribution,the concentration of particulate matter in each region showed a downward trend year by year.The spatial distribution showed that PM_(2.5) gradually increased from the west to the east,and PM_(10) was high in the east and low in the west.②The peak values of temperature and precipitation appeared in summer,showing a"Λ"distribution law.While the monthly concentration changes of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) in various regions showed a"V"distribution law.The particle concentration in non-heating season was the lowest and that in heating season was the highest.③Among the effects of various meteorological factors,the concentrations of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) were strongly or moderately negatively correlated with precipitation and temperature,and were negatively affected by temperature.The concentration of particulate matter was negatively correlated with wind speed.The concentration of PM_(2.5) was negatively affected by wind speed,while the concentration of PM_(10) was significantly positively affected by wind speed,indicating that wind-induced dust had a prominent contribution to air pollution,but the action mechanism between wind speed and pollutant concentration was complex.The results of this study could provide reference and theoretical basis for the improvement and prediction of air quality in typical regions.
作者
梁明武
李慧婷
李魏龙
贾晓丹
汪铭媛
冯朝晖
LIANG Mingwu;LI Huiting;LI Weilong;JIA Xiaodan;WANG Mingyuan;FENG Zhaohui(China Chengtong Ecological Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100070;China Yangtze Power Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430071,Hubei,China;Xi’an Center of China Geological Survey/Northwest China Center for Geoscience Innovation,Xi’an 710119,Shaanxi,China;Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)
出处
《西北地质》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第4期285-296,共12页
Northwestern Geology
基金
青海省重点研发与转化计划项目"三源区流域水资源对气候变化的响应及模拟预测研究"(2023-QY-205)资助成果。
