摘要
通过研究长期养分亏缺对木薯农艺性状及产量、淀粉含量的影响,为木薯连作科学施肥提供理论依据。在长期定位田间试验时间轴上,选取2019-2021年(连作28~30年)的试验材料,对CK(施氮磷钾肥)、–N(不施氮肥)、–P(不施磷肥)和–K(不施钾肥)4个处理,测定木薯品种SC205和SC124的农艺性状及产量、淀粉含量。结果表明:(1)与CK相比,–N、–K均显著降低木薯的株高,–N、–P和–K显著降低木薯的茎径,–K显著降低叶片SPAD值;主体间效应检验表明,品种和施肥对各农艺性状均有显著影响,但二者的交互作用影响不显著。(2)与CK相比,–N显著提高2021年的鲜薯淀粉含量;–K显著降低鲜薯淀粉含量,3年平均降幅为14.2%。(3)–N、–P、–K较CK均显著降低鲜薯产量、淀粉产量、单株结薯数和单条薯重,各养分亏缺处理鲜薯产量的3年平均降幅均大于40.0%,各养分亏缺处理间的产量效应差异不显著;–K淀粉产量的3年平均降幅为53.3%,降幅显著高于–N、–P。(4)相关性分析结果表明,鲜薯产量、淀粉产量均与单株结薯数呈极显著正相关,与单条薯重呈显著正相关。综合分析结果显示,氮、磷、钾亏缺均显著抑制木薯生长,连作前期氮是木薯产量的首要限制因素,钾其次,磷效应不明显,随连作年限延长,钾、磷效应逐渐显著,氮、钾上升为最主要的限制因素,而后,氮、磷、钾肥间的鲜薯产量效应无显著差异,三者均同等重要。
The effects of long-term nutrient deficiency on cassava agronomic characters,yield and starch content were studied to provide scientific basis for fertilization of continuous cropping.In this study,experimental materials in 2019 to 2021(continuous cropping in 28th-30th years)were selected from the time axis of long-term fertilization trials.CK(with NPK),–N(without N),–P(without P),–K(without K)combined with two cassava varieties SC205 and SC124 were selected.The SPAD value,plant height,stem diameter and starch content,yield,starch yield of the fresh storage root(FSR)were measured and evaluate.Compared to CK,–N and–K significantly reduced plant height,and–N,–P and–K significantly reduced stem diameter of cassava.Meanwhile,–K significantly reduced SPAD value of leaves.Test of between-subjects effect showed that,variety or fertilization had significant effects on agronomic characters,but the interaction effect between them was not significant.The starch content of FSR,compared to CK,–N significantly im-proved in 2021.–K significantly reduced,the three-year average decrease was 14.2%.Compared to CK,–N,–P and–K significantly reduced the yield,starch yield of FSR,storage root number per plant(SRNPP)and weight per storage root(WPSR).The yield of FSR reduced by more than 40.0%under different nutrient deficiency,while the yield effects were insignificantly different among nutrient deficiency treatments.The starch yield of FSR under-K decreased by 53.3%,the decrease was significantly higher than that of–N and–P.The correlation analysis showed that yield,starch yield of FSR were extremely significantly positively correlated with the SRNPP,and significantly positively correlated with the WPSR.–N,–P and–K significantly inhibited cassava growth.N was the primary limiting factor for cassava fresh stor-age root yield in the early stage of continuous cropping,followed by K,but P effect was not obvious.With the extension of continuous cropping years,the effects of K and P effect gradually became more significant,and N,K became the main limiting factors,then there was no significant difference on the fresh storage root yield effect among N,P and K,there were equally important.
作者
魏云霞
韦卓文
黄洁
许瑞丽
WEI Yunxia;WEI Zhuowen;HUANG Jie;XU Ruili(Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Cassava Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China)
出处
《热带作物学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第7期1393-1401,共9页
Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops
基金
海南省自然科学基金项目(No.321QN317)
国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(No.CARS-11-hnhj)。
关键词
木薯
长期定位施肥
养分亏缺
产量
淀粉
cassava
long-term fertilization
nutrient deficiency
yield
starch
