摘要
[目的]调查蒙古国珍稀濒危动物戈壁棕熊及同域分布动物多样性和分布格局,为蒙古国大戈壁保护区A区戈壁棕熊的精准保护、同域分布野生动物的保护管理和科学研究提供数据支撑。[方法]对2019年4月-2021年3月在大戈壁保护区A区戈壁棕熊补饲点、水源点和兽径/通道处布设的118台红外相机数据进行分析,编制基于红外相机监测的保护区兽类和鸟类名录,采用分布强度指数和相对多度指数分析戈壁棕熊及其同域分布野生动物的分布强度和相对多度,比较主要兽类空间分布格局,探讨其分布特征与物种间相互作用以及环境因子的关系。[结果]调查累计59271个红外相机工作日,鉴定出兽类6目13种、鸟类10目48种。兽类以荒漠生境典型物种为主,也包括干旱山地生境物种和部分古北界、全北界广布种;鸟类涵盖典型荒漠、半荒漠和干旱草原鸟种以及山地裸岩区典型鸟种和典型湿地鸟类。鸟类中19种为当地留鸟,占全部鸟种数的39.6%,其余29种为候鸟,仅在迁徙季短期停留于戈壁中的各绿洲。获得主要兽类独立照片23312张,蒙古野驴的独立照片数最多,其次为野骆驼、戈壁棕熊。戈壁棕熊的分布强度表现为从保护区东部到西部逐渐降低,大多数有蹄类动物分布强度呈从西部到东部减弱趋势;食肉动物中各物种在不同绿洲呈现不同分布强度。10种大中型兽类中,戈壁棕熊相对多度指数(20.61)最高;食草动物中,蒙古野驴相对多度指数(17.26)最高。[结论]大戈壁保护区主要兽类分布强度在不同绿洲间存在差异,可能与其生境选择偏好和捕食者/猎物的分布有关,也是荒漠生态系统动物群落竞争共存机制作用的体现。多数物种在不同生境类型间的相对多度指数存在差异,尤其是有蹄类物种,对水源表现出明显依赖性。建议围绕水源点开展持续监测,进一步摸清大戈壁保护区A区的物种多样性,掌握戈壁棕熊等珍稀濒危物种的分布动态。
[Objective]Great Gobi A Strictly Protected Area of Mongolia is a refuge for many endangered species distributed in border areas between China and Mongolia.Especially the Gobi Bear,which is a subspecies of the brown bear,holds the distinction of being the sole bear globally residing in the Gobi and desert region,and is revered as a“national mammal”in Mongolia.In response to the request by the Mongolian government,diversities and distribution patterns of the dominant mammals were investigated in this protected area.We aim to provide data support for Gobi Bear management and scientific research of wildlife in the Great Gobi A Strictly Protected Area.[Method]From April 2019 to March 2021,a total of 118 infrared cameras were set up at Gobi Bear feeding stations,water source sites and animal trails in the protected area.A list of mammal and bird species was compiled according to the camera trapping data.The distribution index and relative abundance index were used to compare the distribution intensity and abundance of Gobi Bear and its Sympatric wild animals and to compare the distribution patterns of the main animal speceis.Relationships between their distribution patterns and species interaction or environmental factors were analyzed and discussed.[Result]In total,13 mammal animal species which belong to 6 orders,and 48 bird species,which belong to 10 orders,were identified with a total of 59271 camera days and 23312 independent detections of the dominant mammals during the survey.Among the mammal species,the top three were Asiatic Wild Ass,Wild Camel,and Gobi Bear.The distribution index of the Gobi Bear was gradually decreasing from east to west in the Protected Area.It was the highest in the Tsagaan Bogd region,the Shar Khuls region was the second,and the Atas Inges region was the lowest.Most of the ungulate species showed a decreasing trend from west to east in distribution index.While carnivore species showed different distribution patterns among different oases.As the survey focus on Gobi Bear,the relative abundance index of Gobi Bear was the highest(20.61)among the carnivore species.The relative abundance index of Asiatic Wild Ass was the highest(17.26)in ungulates.[Conclusion]The distribution index of the dominant mammals were different in different oases.It may be related to their habitat selection preferences and the distribution of predators/prey.Most species have different relative abundance index among the feeding stations,water source sites and animal trails.Especially in ungulates,the relative abundance index at the water source sites were significantly higher than that at the other habitats.It is recommended that continuing investigation around the water source sites is important to further find out the animal diversity in the Great Gobi A Strictly Protected Area and to understand the distribution dynamics of the endangered species such as Gobi Bear and the sympatric animals.
作者
薛亚东
孙戈
李佳
德力格尔其木格·达瓦苏仁
阿木古郎·洛布桑金巴
李广良
秦爱丽
金崑
肖文发
Xue Yadong;Sun Ge;Li Jia;Delgerchimeg Dawaasuren;Amgalan Luvsamjamba;Li Guangliang;Qin Aili;Jin Kun;Xiao Wenfa(Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091;Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100091;Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091;Institute of Biology,Mongolian Academy of Sciences,Ulaanbaatar 13330)
出处
《林业科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第7期95-104,共10页
Scientia Silvae Sinicae
基金
蒙古国戈壁熊技术援助项目([2017]商合促技字第62号)。
关键词
大戈壁保护区A区
戈壁棕熊
物种多样性
红外相机
分布格局
Great Gobi A Strictly Protected Area
Ursus arctos gobiensis
animal diversity
infrared camera trap
distribution pattern
