摘要
研究锑矿区不同工业场地植被群落特征及其影响因素,对于锑矿区的生态恢复和植被重建具有重要意义。以南丹县五一锑矿各工业场地植物群落为研究对象,并选择锑矿区周边未被破坏的植物群落作为对照区,探究锑矿区不同工业场地(采矿区、冶炼区、尾矿区)植物群落物种组成与多样性及其与土壤因子的关系。结果显示:锑矿区各工业场地群落组成以菊科(Compositae)、禾本科(Poaceae)为主,2科植物在锑矿区工业场地内为群落建群种和优势种。对照区与各工业场地植物群落组成差异显著(P<0.05),冶炼区植物群落组成与采矿区和尾矿区差异显著(P<0.05)。各工业场地优势种的重要值及Margalef指数、Shannon指数均表现为对照区>采矿区>尾矿区>冶炼区(P<0.05),表明冶炼区群落复杂程度最低,群落结构最为简单,生态退化形势较为严重。矿区植物多样性与土壤含水率、pH及有机质、总钾、总氮含量呈正相关,与总磷含量、锑砷含量呈负相关,总锑、总砷和土壤含水率是影响锑矿各工业场地物种多样性的重要限制因子;重金属含量对尾矿区和采矿区植物群落多样性影响最强,土壤含水率对冶炼区影响最强。研究表明,工业场地植物物种数量下降,植被多样性指数降低,采矿等工业活动对矿区生态环境构成一定破坏和干扰,矿区植被恢复方案应考虑矿区场地类型和关键环境变量。
It is of great significance to study the characteristics of vegetation communities and their influencing factors in different industrial sites in antimony mining areas for ecological restoration and vegetation reconstruction.The plant communities of various industrial sites of Wuyi antimony mine in Nandan County were taken as the research object,and the undamaged plant communities around the antimony mining area were selected as the control area,to explore the species composition and diversity of plant communities in different industrial sites(mining area,smelting area and tailings area)in the antimony mining area and their relationship with soil factors.The results showed that the community composition of each industrial site of antimony ore was dominated by Compositae and Poaceae,and the two families of plants were the community-building species and dominant species in the industrial site of the antimony mining area.There were significant differences in plant community composition between the control area and each industrial site(P<0.05),and the plant community composition in the smelting area was significantly different from that in the mining area and tailings area(P<0.05).The important values of dominant species,Margalef index and Shannon index of each industrial site were shown as control area>mining area>tailings area>smelting area(P<0.05),indicating that the smelting area had the lowest community complexity and the simplest community structure,and the ecological degradation situation was more serious.Plant diversity in the mining area was positively correlated with organic matter,soil moisture content,pH,total potassium and total nitrogen content,and negatively correlated with total phosphorus,and antimony and arsenic concentrations.Total antimony,total arsenic and soil moisture content were important limiting factors affecting the species diversity of various industrial sites in antimony mines.Heavy metal concentration had the strongest effect on plant community diversity in tailings area and mining area,and soil moisture content had the strongest effect on smelting area.The results show that the number of plant species in industrial sites is decreasing,the vegetation diversity index is decreasing,and industrial activities such as mining have caused great damage and interference to the ecological environment of mining areas.The type of mining site and key environmental variables should be considered in the vegetation restoration plan for mining areas.
作者
谭昭
赵清英
张泽民
彭甜恬
宋霓
李文杰
关潇
TAN Zhao;ZHAO Qingying;ZHANG Zemin;PENG Tiantian;SONG Ni;LI Wenjie;GUAN Xiao(Institute of Ecology,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences;Lanzhou University;Zhengzhou University)
出处
《环境工程技术学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第4期1374-1384,共11页
Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1807704)。
关键词
锑矿区
植物群落特征
工业场地
物种多样性
重金属
antimony mining area
plant community characteristics
industrial site
species diversity
heavy metals
