摘要
数字经济的发展为农民工高质量就业注入了新动能,为其转型升级提供了契机,但同时也带来了新困境。基于2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,采用HLM模型从多层视角剖析了数字经济对农民工就业质量的影响及其内在机制,并揭示了农民工就业质量各个维度的实际问题。研究结果表明,数字经济在宏观层面优化了就业结构,在微观层面促进了弱关系社会资本以及人力资本的积累,进而显著改善了农民工的就业质量,尤其是在收入水平提升和劳动合同签订率方面;但也存在部分低收入农民工无法享受“数字收入红利”以及“灵活化”劳动合同的问题。数字经济对工作时间的影响表现出双向效应,数字经济的快速发展所催生的新型职业岗位和劳动关系模式,也暴露出劳动保障缺失的制度漏洞。异质性分析进一步表明,数字经济会对具有某些特征的农民工群体产生偏向性,会加剧农民工内部的不平等。最后针对性地提出了改善农民工就业质量的政策建议。
The development of the digital economy has injected new energies into the high-quality employment of migrant workers and provided opportunities for their transformation and upgrading,but at the same time,it has also posed new dilemmas.Based on data from the 2018 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),the HLM model was used to analyze the impact of the digital economy on the employment quality of migrant workers and its intrinsic mechanisms from a multilayered perspective,with an attempt to reveal the potential problems involved.The results show that the digital economy optimizes the employment structure at the macro level and promotes the accumulation of weak social capital and human capital at the micro level,thus significantly improving the employment quality of migrant workers,particularly in terms of income level and labor contract signing rate;however,there are also problems in that some low-income migrant workers are unable to enjoy the“digital income dividend”and the“flexibility”of labor contracts.The influence of the digital economy on working hours shows a bidirectional effect.Moreover,the new types of occupational positions and patterns of labor relations created by the digital economy contained obvious deficiencies in labor security.Heterogeneity analysis further indicates that the digital economy has a bias towards groups of migrant workers with certain characteristics,which will exacerbate inequalities within migrant workers.Finally,policy recommendations to improve the employment quality of migrant workers are proposed.
作者
许清清
王丽云
江霞
Xu Qingqing;Wang Liyun;Jiang Xia(School of Economics,Qingdao University;School of Economics,Sichuan University)
出处
《宏观质量研究》
CSSCI
2024年第3期47-61,共15页
Journal of Macro-quality Research
基金
教育部国家社科基金一般项目(19BSH085)的资助。
关键词
数字经济
农民工
就业质量
多层线性模型
digital economy
migrant workers
employment quality
Hierarchical Linear Model
