摘要
了解野生动物在自然环境中的行为表现,对于制定该物种的保护政策尤为重要。野生林麝(Moschus berezovskii)是湖南省分布的几种国家一级重点保护动物之一,但对其在野外的行为表现研究甚为匮乏。2019年4月至2023年6月,作者对湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区的固定红外相机监测数据进行了分类汇总,使用PAE编码系统开展林麝的行为谱及多样性研究。本文旨在:(1)参照PAE动物行为编码范式,建立林麝的行为谱及编码系统。(2)对林麝的行为数据进行统计并计算行为多样性指数,分析不同季节、性别、年龄组和生境间的差异。结果显示:(1)通过野生林麝845张有效照片和133段视频辨识了林麝7种姿势、65种动作和32种行为,基本涵盖了林麝的主要日常行为;(2)不同季节的行为多样性指数存在差异,春季(H_(春)=0.8922,r_(春)=0.3850)>夏季(H_(夏)=0.7954,r_(夏)=0.3432)>秋季(H_(秋)=0.7775,r_(秋)=0.3355)>冬季(H_(冬)=0.5094,r_(冬)=0.2198);(3)雄麝、雌麝和幼体行为差异明显,幼体未记录到排遗、标记、自我指向3种行为,雌麝有较多的自我指向行为,雄麝独有标记行为,行为多样性指数表现为雌麝(H_(雌)=0.6338)>雄麝(H_(雄)=0.5814)>幼麝(H_(幼)=0.3816);(4)林麝在针阔混交林的行为多样性指数最高,摄食行为频次居于各生境前列。综上,本研究首次提供了野生林麝的行为谱及其编码,将为深入地开展林麝行为生态学研究和保护管理提供基础数据。
Aims:At present,few studies have been conducted on the behavior of wild forest musk deer(Moschus berezovskii).Therefore,we aim to construct an ethogram and posture-act-environment(PAE)coding system for M.berezovskii to improve our fundamental understanding of this species’behavior.Methods:Infrared camera monitoring data collected at Hupingshan National Nature Reserve in Hunan Province from April 2019 to June 2023 were classified and summarized.Referring to commonly used animal behavior coding methods in China,the behavior spectrum and PAE coding system of M.berezovskii were established with‘posture-actenvironment’.These behavioral data were statistically analyzed and the behavioral diversity index was calculated to analyze differences in behavior across seasons,genders,age groups,and habitats.Results:A total of 845 valid photos and 133 videos of wild M.berezovskii were identified,and 7 postures,65 acts and 32 behaviors of M.berezovskii were distinguished and recorded from this video data.These records cover all common daily behaviors of M.berezovskii.We found differences in the behavioral diversity index in different seasons,with the highest diversity indice in spring(H_(spring)=0.8922,r_(spring)=0.3850),followed by summer(H_(summer)=0.7954,r_(summer)=0.3432),autumn(H_(autumn)=0.7775,r_(autumn)=0.3355),and lastly,winter(H_(winter)=0.5094,r_(winter)=0.2198).The behaviors of males,females and juvenile were significantly different.Three types of behaviors were not recorded in juvenile(tagging behavior,elimination behavior,and self-directed).Females performed more self-directed behaviors,and males displayed unique marking behaviors.The behavioral diversity index of females(H_(females)=0.6338)was greater than males(H_(males)=0.5814),and lowest for juvenile(H_(juvenile)=0.3816).Among habitat types,the behavioral diversity index of M.berezovskii in mixed broadleaf-conifer forest was the highest,and the ingestive behavior is the predominant behavior displayed,regardless of habitat type.Conclusion:This study provides the behavioral spectrum and a behavior spectrum and PAE coding system of wild M.berezovskii for the first time.Our results provide vital foundational data paving the way to further research on behavioral ecology and conservation management of M.berezovskii.
作者
宋芬
周芸芸
黄太福
杨存存
于桂清
田书荣
向左甫
Fen Song;Yunyun Zhou;Taifu Huang;Cuncun Yang;Guiqing Yu;Shurong Tian;Zuofu Xiang(College of Forest,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004;Forestry Academy of Hunan Province,Changsha 410004;Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091;Administration Bureau of Hunan Hupingshan National Nature Reserve,Changde,Hunan 415319)
出处
《生物多样性》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第6期81-91,共11页
Biodiversity Science
基金
湖南省林业科技攻关与创新项目(XLK202402)
湖南省野生动植物保护项目(SD2023A001,SD2023A007,SD2024A003)。
关键词
林麝
行为谱
PAE编码系统
行为多样性
壶瓶山
Moschus berezovski
ethogram
PAE coding system
behavioral diversity
Hupingshan
