摘要
柔性无机电致发光器件具有发光效率高、响应速度快、制备成本低、发光稳定等特点,可以实现柔性显示、智能传感等功能,在智能手机、电子皮肤、智能可穿戴等领域有着广泛的应用前景。而纺织材料的柔性、可穿戴性及成熟的加工技术使其成为柔性电致发光器件的优良载体。柔性无机电致发光器件主要包括硫化锌柔性电致发光器件、钙钛矿基柔性电致发光器件和其他无机发光材料基柔性电致发光器件,其与纺织材料的结合方法主要包括印刷、涂层、层压及编织等。因此,文章从无机电致发光材料出发,对其发展历程、设计思路、制备方法、发光原理及其在纺织品上的应用及存在的问题和面临的挑战进行综述,并对基于电致发光技术的智能可穿戴纺织品应用及发展展开讨论,以更好地推进智能纺织品的发展。
Flexible inorganic electroluminescent devices exhibit high luminous efficiency,rapid response,low production costs and stable luminescence.These devices can be employed for flexible displays,intelligent sensing and other functions,making them promising candidates for applications in smartphones,electronic skin and smart wearables.Textile materials,with their flexibility,wearability,and well-established processing techniques,serve as excellent substrates for these flexible electroluminescent devices.In recent years,the structural design of flexible inorganic electroluminescent devices has matured significantly,driving research and development efforts across a wide range of applications,particularly in wearable electronics,displays and bionic robots.Electroluminescence primarily arises when a current passes through a substance,causing it to emit light under a strong electric field.Two main types of electroluminescence exist:injection electroluminescence and intrinsic electroluminescence.In the case of injection electroluminescence(also known as low-field electroluminescence),electrons and holes are directly injected from the electrodes into the crystal.When these charge carriers recombine within the crystal,excess energy is released in the form of light.Intrinsic electroluminescence(or high-field electroluminescence)is akin to an in vivo luminescence effect.In inorganic electroluminescent materials,electrons gain energy and collide with and excite luminescent centers under high electric fields.Consequently,the excited electrons in the luminescent centers transition to lower energy states,emitting light.Currently,the most widely used inorganic electroluminescent materials included zinc sulfide-based compounds and perovskite materials.Zinc sulfide exhibits excellent thermal stability,mechanical strength and high carrier mobility,making it a common choice for thin-film transistors and other electronic devices.Doping zinc sulfide with metal elements(such as copper,aluminum or manganese)allows for the creation of different variants,such as zinc sulfide︰copper(green)and zinc sulfide︰manganese(orange),enabling tunable emission colors by adjusting the frequency of the AC electric field.However,localized electric field breakdown remains a challenge,leading to device damage.Perovskite materials offer adjustable band gaps,narrow half-peak widths,high carrier mobility and efficient fluorescence.When used as the light-emitting layer in perovskite light-emitting diodes,they exhibit high color purity,brightness and a wide color gamut.By modifying the composition of halide ions and adjusting cation proportions,the optical and electrical properties of perovskite can be tailored,showing promise in lighting and display applications.Nevertheless,challenges related to stability,mechanical properties,toxicity,and large-scale manufacturing persist for flexible perovskite electroluminescent materials.As demand grows for convenient solutions,electroluminescent devices are expected to serve additional functions,including health monitoring,electronic communication and aerospace applications.Among these,textile displays play a crucial role in transmitting information anytime and anywhere.Wearable electronic products integrated into shoes,clothing and watches enhance human convenience.The acquisition and display of textile electroluminescent devices rely on luminous fabrics and fibers,utilizing printing,coating,lamination and fiber weaving technologies.These methods impose stringent requirements on brightness and device lifespan,necessitating improved device structures and combination modes to achieve stable and durable performance in textile applications.At present,large-scale continuous production of flexible inorganic electroluminescent devices remains a challenge.As new display applications emerge,stricter demands are placed on flexible electroluminescent devices.In flexible inorganic electroluminescent devices,the development and application of electroluminescent devices need to be combined with other disciplines to develop a multifunctional device to meet people’s needs.
作者
朱杰
杨群
陶思轩
周卫冕
崔进
张宁
苏娟
徐丽慧
潘虹
王际平
ZHU Jie;YANG Qun;TAO Sixuan;ZHOU Weimian;CUI Jin;ZHANG Ning;SU Juan;XU Lihui;PAN Hong;WANG Jiping(School of Textiles and Fashion,Shanghai University of Engineering Science,Shanghai 201620,China;Key Laboratory ofTextile Fibers and Products,Ministry of Education,Wuhan Textile University,Wuhan 430200,China;Shanghai Evershine Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201600,China)
出处
《丝绸》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第8期60-69,共10页
Journal of Silk
基金
浙江省纱线材料成形与复合加工技术研究重点实验室开放基金项目(MTC-2020-23)
武汉纺织大学纺织纤维及制品教育部重点实验室开放课题项目(Fzxw2023003)。
关键词
无机电致发光
柔性器件
发光效率
智能纺织品
可穿戴
亮度
inorganic electroluminescence
flexible device
luminous efficiency
intelligent textiles
wearable
luminance
