摘要
从属性是解读劳动关系的一把钥匙,在各类劳动关系认定理论中获得了最广泛的认可。从历史的角度考证,源于启蒙时代个人主义思潮的从属性催生了劳动法,使之从行会规则中独立出来,进入国家干预的领域,同时赋予了劳动法“人法”的属性,从而脱离民法交换给付的维度,形成了一个以关注主体特征和组织特征为视角的全新的法律领域;从现实的角度观察,我国劳动法学界在全面接受了劳动关系从属性理论之后,正在有意识地构建中国自主的劳动法知识体系。在法律规范的层面上,我国目前虽然没有明确从属性的类型、权重和要素等相关内容,但是在法律实践的层面上,已经确定了“从属性+要素”的劳动关系认定思路,并开始反哺劳动法教义学体系的构建。“不完全劳动关系”系我国为应对平台用工进行的一项政策性司法创设,劳动关系从属性提供了充分且必要的理论支撑。从逻辑上推理,不完全劳动关系与劳动关系、民事劳务关系遵循一致的从属性考量标准,因此能够构成一类独立的法律关系。
Subordination is a key to the interpretation of labor relations and has gained the widest recognition among various theories of labor relations determination.Upon the research from a historical perspective,the subordination originated from the trend of individualism in the Age of Enlightenment gave birth to labor law,enabling it to become independent from guild rules and enter the field of state intervention,and meanwhile endowing labor law with the nature of"human law",thus the labor law has developed beyond the dimension of performance and exchange in civil law and formed a totally new legal field focusing on the characteristics of subjects and organizations;Observed from the practical perspective,after fully accepting the subordination theory of labor relations,the labor law academia of China is consciously constructing an independent knowledge system of labor law.At the level of legal norms,although currently the types,weights,and elements and relevant content of the subordination are not clarified in China,an approach for determining a labor relation,i.e."subordination+elements",has been established at the level of legal practice,and began to feed back the construction of the doctrinal system of labor law."Incomplete labor relation"is a policy-based judicial creation in China to respond to platform-provided jobs,and the subordination of labor relations provides sufficient and necessary theoretical support.Based on logical reasoning,incomplete labor relations,labor relations,and civil service relations follow consistent evaluation criteria for subordination,thus being able to constitute an independent type of legal relationship.
出处
《政治与法律》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第8期2-19,共18页
Political Science and Law
基金
司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目“事业单位人事争议解决方案研究”(批准编号:20SFB2027)
中国政法大学钱端升杰出学者支持计划资助项目的研究成果。
关键词
劳动关系从属性
劳动法
不完全劳动关系
新就业形态
Subordination of Labor Relations
Labor Law
Incomplete Labor Relations
New Forms of Having Jobs
