摘要
20世纪初俄国形式主义诗学的兴起开启了“文本中心论”的时代。语言学理论不但为形式主义学派提供分析和加工语言的独特视角,而且直接启迪文艺研究的新方法论的形成,不但充当了形式主义学派崛起的源动力,而且为其发展指明了方向。本文作者认为,波兰-俄国语言学家库尔德内的语言学理论在其中发挥了最重要的作用,他不仅强调语言与主体间不可分割的关系,认为语言与心理具有天然的联系,更明确要对语言内部结构进行系统研究。与之相应,俄国形式主义诗学虽强调文本的自足性,但文本陌生化手法的加工与陌生化效果的确证都无法离开主体,所以并未真正否定主体的存在,只是将其“悬置”而已;同时,形式主义学派的研究重点集中于以语言符号为标志的形式结构,对其内在规律与加工方法做了较详细而深入的阐释。
At the beginning of the 20th century,Russian formalist poetics which stepped onto the academic stage,initiated the most intense criticism and rebellion against traditional European and American poetics and literary criticism,and opened the era of“text centeredness”.The contribution of linguistic theory to the rise of formal schools,not only were language and writing resources available for analysis and processing,but they also provided a new methodology for studying literature and art,providing the driving force for the rise of the formal school and pointing out the direction for its construction and development.Particularly,the influence of Kurdish internal linguistic theory was the most prominent,which not only emphasized the inseparable relationship between language and subject,believing that language and psychology had a natural connection,but also clarified the need for systematic research on the internal structure of language.Correspondingly,although Russian formalist poetic theory emphasized the self-sufficiency of texts,the processing of text unfamiliarity techniques and the confirmation of unfamiliarity effects could not be separated from the subject,so it did not truly negate the existence of the subject,but simply suspended it;at the same time,the research focus of the formal school of thought,which was on the formal structure marked by language symbols,provided a detailed and in-depth explanation for its inherent laws and processing methods.
出处
《复旦外国语言文学论丛》
2024年第2期40-46,共7页
Fudan Forum on Foreign Languages and Literature
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“俄罗斯诗学学派研究”(编号:22&ZD286)的阶段性成果。
关键词
库尔德内
俄国形式主义诗学
语言学
内部结构规律
Boduen de Kurtene
Russian fomarlist poetics
linguistics
internal structural rules
