摘要
耕地撂荒是快速城镇化和乡村转型中普遍面临的实际问题,科学揭示典型地区村域尺度耕地撂荒成因及其分异机制,对于因村施策、精准调控耕地撂荒具有直接现实意义,对保障粮食安全、推进乡村振兴具有深远的战略意义。本文基于人地关系地域系统理论,以西南山区典型县域重庆市南川区为例,运用多元线性回归和自然断点模型,识别出村域尺度耕地撂荒的主导因素、归纳出空间分布特征,探明不同类型耕地撂荒的动力机制,并提出科学调控对策。结果表明:①耕地撂荒是乡村人地关系地域系统失衡的表现,通过对耕地撂荒实施科学的调控对策,可实现乡村人地关系地域系统新的平衡;②典型县域耕地撂荒可分为设施性、灾害性、外移性和流转性4种类型,在比例上,外移性撂荒>设施性撂荒>灾害性撂荒>流转性撂荒;③总耕地撂荒表现出顺时针方向45°旋转的“川”型走廊式分布特征,中高值区位于县域西北及东南部区域的高海拔山区,主导因素有灌溉条件、耕地流转比例、至干道距离、外移人口比重、至河流距离、海拔、人均耕地数量、农村劳动力比重、至乡镇距离,不同类型耕地撂荒的主导因素及空间分布特征存在差异;④根据不同类型耕地撂荒的成因、空间特征及研究区实际情况,将撂荒进一步归纳为设施短缺制约型、灾害多发损毁型、农户分化外移型和政策保障失调型4类,并提出了对应的调控对策及设施建设升级等12种调控模式。
Farmland abandonment is a common practical problem in rapid urbanization and rural transformation.Scientifically revealing the causes and differentiation mechanism of farmland abandonment at village scale in typical areas has direct and practical significance for village policies to control farmland abandonment,and has far-reaching strategic significance for ensuring food security and promoting rural revitalization.Based on the regional system theory of human-land relationship,this paper takes Nanchuan district of Chongqing,a typical county-level unit in the mountainous areas of Southwest China,as an example,uses multiple linear regression and natural breakpoint model,identifies the leading factors of farmland abandonment at village scale,summarizes the spatial distribution characteristics,explores the dynamic mechanism of different types of farmland abandonment,and puts forward concrete control countermeasures.The results show that:(1)Farmland abandonment is the imbalance of human-land relationship in rural regional system,and the new balance of such a relationship in rural regional system can be achieved by implementing scientific measures.(2)Typical county farmland abandonment can be divided into four types:facility abandonment>facility abandonment>disaster abandonment>circulation abandonment.(3)The total arable land abandoned showed a"river"-shaped corridor distribution with a clockwise rotation of 45°,and the middle-high values were observed in the high-altitude mountainous areas in the northwest and southeast parts of the county.The dominant factors were irrigation conditions,the proportion of cultivated land circulation,the distance to main roads,the proportion of emigrated population,the distance to rivers,the altitude,the amount of arable land per capita,the proportion of rural labor force,and the distance to the township.There are differences in the dominant factors and spatial distribution characteristics of farmland abandonment in different types.(4)Based on the causes,spatial characteristics,and actual situation of different types of cultivated land abandonment,four types are identified:facility shortage constraint type,disaster-prone damage type,farmer differentiation and relocation type,and policy guarantee imbalance type.Corresponding control strategies and 12 control models for cultivated land abandonment,including facility construction and upgrading,are proposed.
作者
王刚
廖和平
温涛
WANG Gang;LIAO Heping;WEN Tao(School of Economics and Management,Southwest University,Chongqing 400700,China;School of Geographical Sciences,Southwest University,Chongqing 400700,China)
出处
《地理学报》
EI
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第7期1824-1841,共18页
Acta Geographica Sinica
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目(20BSH079)
重庆市博士后自然科学基金项目(cstc2021jcyj-bsh0168)
重庆市社会科学规划项目(2021BS068)
重庆市博士后科研资助项目(7820100595)
中央高校基本科研业务费青年项目(SWU2109317)。
关键词
耕地撂荒
分异机制
人地关系地域系统
村域尺度
重庆市南川区
arable land was abandoned
differentiation mechanism
human-land relationship regional system
village scale
Nanchuan district,Chongqing municipality
