摘要
焚烧是我国生活垃圾最主要的处置手段,焚烧飞灰含有二噁英和重金属,属于危险废物,处理方式比较受限,但处理需求量大。推动生活垃圾焚烧飞灰无害化处置与资源化利用处理技术的发展,积极补齐城镇生活垃圾处理设施短板,符合国家节能减排与绿色发展的要求。本文系统分析了我国典型地区生活垃圾焚烧飞灰基础特性、二噁英和重金属产生特征,综述了飞灰二噁英的主要处理技术,包括高温烧结、高温熔融/玻璃化、水泥回转窑热处理、低温催化热解、水热处理技术、机械化学降解技术,对比了飞灰中重金属的主要处理方法,包括固化稳定化、固热处理、金属分离技术,并对飞灰处理技术的工程化应用进行总结与展望,以期为我国生活垃圾焚烧飞灰减量化、无害化、资源化技术发展提供理论支撑。
Incineration is the primary method of municipal solid waste disposal in China,and the resulting fly ash contains dioxins and heavy metals,classifying it as hazardous waste.The treatment methods are relatively limited,but the demand for effective disposal is substantial.Promoting the development of technologies for the harmless disposal and resource utilization of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash,actively addressing the shortcomings in municipal solid waste treatment facilities,all align with the national requirements for energy conservation,emission reduction,and green development.This study systematically analyzed the basic characteristics of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash in typical regions of China,focusing on the generation of dioxins and heavy metals.It provided an overview of the main technologies for treating dioxins in fly ash,including sintering,melting/vitrification,cement kiln co-treatment,low-temperature pyrolysis,and mechanochemical techniques.The major methods for treating heavy metals in fly ash were compared,encompassing solidification/stabilization,thermal treatment,and heavy metal extraction technologies.The study gave a summary and outlook on the application of fly ash treatment technologies,aiming to guide the development of reduction,harmlessness,and resource utilization technologies for municipal solid waste incineration fly ash in China.
作者
孔祥蕊
董玥岑
张蒙雨
王彪
尹水娥
陈冰
陆家纬
张媛
冯乐乐
王洪涛
徐海云
KONG Xiangrui;DONG Yuecen;ZHANG Mengyu;WANG Biao;YIN Shui′e;CHEN Bing;LUJiawei;ZHANG Yuan;FENG Lele;WANG Hongtao;XU Haiyun(China Urban Construction Design&Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100120,China;School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;CUCDE Environmental Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100120,China;School of Safety Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 2221116,Jiangsu,China)
出处
《化工进展》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第7期4102-4117,共16页
Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(42177177)
国家重点研发计划(2020YFC1910102,2019YFC1906000)。
关键词
生活垃圾
焚烧
飞灰
二噁英
重金属
municipal solid waste
incineration
fly ash
dioxins
heavy metals
