摘要
“自我治理”是福柯晚年的研究议题。他将西方古代自我治理史分为古希腊、希腊化和罗马、基督教三个阶段,其中第二个阶段对于批判当代西方资本主义的过度治理、对其进行“反引导”,有着特殊的借鉴价值。希腊化和罗马时期的自我治理观念以晚期斯多葛学派为典型。“自我治理”者以夫妻关系为载体来实践“自我主体化”,建构独立于外部环境、以相互平等和尊重、互相施爱的“生存忠诚”为根本特征的“婚姻生活模式”。斯多葛学派将夫妻、父母与子女之间的爱理解为“理性之爱”,即将爱、责任建基于“自我”之表征的理性和美德,不为外部条件所动。字面上看,斯多葛学派笔下的“自我”是典型的个人主义者,家庭与朋友、公职被并置为身外之物,但伦理主体以“理性之爱”来履行家庭责任,实则神似原始儒家的“古之学者为己”主张,故而在显性的自我本体之外,不经意地托举出隐性的家本体,实现了“自我”与“家”在根本立场上的和谐。
"Government of self"was a research topic in Foucault's later years.He divided the history of ancient Western"government of self"into three stages:ancient Greece,Hellenization and Rome,and Christianity.The second stage has special reference value for criticizing and counter-conducting"governing too much"in contemporary Western capitalism.Foucault took the late Stoicism as an instance to discuss the second stage of""government of self".The Stoics used marital relationships as a carrier to practice"self-subjectivation"and construct a"model of matrimonial life"that were independent of the external environment,characterized by"fidelity of existence"of mutual equality,respect,and love.The Stoic school understood love between spouses,parents and children as"rational love",which was based on the rationality and virtue and not influenced by external conditions.Literally speaking,the"self"in the Stoic schools writing is a typical individualist,with family,friends,and public office being placed as external objects.However,the ethical subject fulfills family responsibilities with"rational love",which is similar to the Confucius'maxim of"People of old learning to satisfy themselves".Therefore,in addition to the explicit ontology of self,it inadvertently promotes the implicit ontology of family,and achieves harmony between the"self"and the"family".
作者
肖瑛
韩倩
Xiao Ying;Han Qian
出处
《浙江学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第4期5-21,238,共18页
Zhejiang Academic Journal
