摘要
森林生态修复是保护森林生态环境的重要途径。在实践中,生态修复工作面临很多困难,其中资金不足是制约修复的重要因素。美国是较早致力于解决生态修复资金不足问题的国家,其创立的生态修复保证金制度、环保超级基金制度以及城市森林碳汇市场交易资金支持生态修复制度涵盖预防、治理和修复的全过程,通过财政、法律和市场机制相结合的方式,为生态修复各个阶段提供资金支持。结合我国自身发展情况,综合借鉴美国的成熟经验与教训,我国应当完善森林生态修复保证金制度,将保证金作为一种保障机制,其使用必须确保专款专用;建立森林生态修复基金制度,形成结构均衡的多元化资金筹措渠道,基金由相对独立的专门基金会管理,基金的使用要遵守规范的程序,并受到严格监督;明确城市林业碳汇交易的收益属性,建立城市林业碳汇交易资金支持森林生态修复制度,以充足的资金支持森林生态修复。
Forest ecological restoration is a crucial method for protecting forest ecosystem.In practice,ecological restoration encounters numerous challenges,among which lack of funds is a significant constraint.The United States of America is one of the earlier countries committed to addressing the inadequate funding for ecological restoration,and has established the mechanisms,such as deposit scheme,Superfund,and the urban forest carbon sink market trading,to support the whole process of ecological restoration,including prevention,management,and restoration.These schemes provides financial support for ecological restoration at each stage through a holistic use of financial,legal and market mechanisms.In view of specific development circumstances in China and the experience and lessons learned from the United States,it is proposed that China should improve the deposit system for forest ecological restoration,and takes it as a security mechanism to ensure that the deposit should be used strictly for their intended purposes.Additionally,China should establish a forest ecological restoration fund to form a structurally balanced and diversified financing approach.The fund should be managed by a relatively independent special foundation,and the fund should be used in accordance with standardized processes,subject to strict oversight.Moreover,it is necessary to clarify the revenue attributes of urban forest carbon sinks and establish a funding system for supporting forest ecological restoration based on urban forest carbon market trading,ensuring adequate funding for forest ecological restoration.
作者
邹丽梅
张艳平
Zou Limei;Zhang Yanping(College of Humanities and Law,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China)
出处
《世界林业研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第3期107-113,共7页
World Forestry Research
基金
黑龙江省哲学社会科学研究规划年度项目“森林碳汇视角下新型林权法律制度构建研究”(22FXB096)
黑龙江省教育科学规划2023年度重点课题“双碳目标实现进程中高校生态法治教育应对研究”(GJB1423499)
2023年度黑龙江省经济社会发展重点研究课题“双碳目标下黑龙江省森林碳汇交易立法研究”(23331)。
关键词
森林生态修复
超级基金
生态修复保证金
林业碳汇
美国
forest ecological restoration
Superfund
ecological restoration bond
forestry carbon sink
the United States ofAmerica
