摘要
近年来,锌矿资源逐步枯竭导致全球大部分锌精矿品位下降,低品位锌矿物的开采和利用规模逐渐扩大。但低品位矿成分复杂,在经过预处理、浸出后,还有较多杂质伴随锌离子进入溶液,造成阳极腐蚀,增加电耗,还影响沉淀锌的表面形态。本文分析了锰离子、铝离子、铁离子、硫酸根离子、溴离子、氟离子和氯离子在锌电积中对阳极材料腐蚀机理,并给出各杂质离子的脱除方式。氟、氯离子对于阳极的腐蚀相对明显,二者均是通过破坏铅阳极表面的二氧化铅氧化膜层来腐蚀阳极。文献结果表明,锌电解液中的F^(-)浓度应不超过0.03 g/L,Cl^(-)浓度应控制在0.1 g/L以下。应在锌电积过程中尽可能降低F^(-)、Cl^(-)浓度,并使用能耐F^(-)、Cl^(-)腐蚀的阳极材料。
In recent years,the gradual depletion of zinc ore resources has led to a decline in the grade of most zinc concentrates in the world,and the scale of mining and utilization of low-grade zinc minerals has gradually expanded.However,the composition of low-grade ore is complex.After pretreatment and leaching,there are still many impurities accompanied by zinc ions entering the solution,causing anode corrosion,increasing power consumption,and affecting the surface morphology of precipitated zinc.In this paper,the corrosion mechanism of manganese ion,aluminum ion,iron ion,sulfate ion,bromide ion,fluoride ion and chloride ion on anode materials in zinc electrowinning is analyzed,and the removal methods of each impurity ion are given.The corrosion of fluorine and chloride ions to the anode is relatively obvious.Both of them corrode the anode by destroying the lead dioxide oxide film on the surface of the lead anode.The literature results show that the F^(-)concentration in zinc electrolyte should not exceed 0.03 g/L,and the Cl^(-)concentration should be controlled below 0.1 g/L.In the process of zinc electrowinning,the concentration of F^(-)and Cl^(-)should be reduced as much as possible,and anode materials that can resist F^(-)and Cl^(-)corrosion should be used.
作者
曾斯亚
刘建华
周俊文
ZENG Siya;LIU Jianhua;ZHOU Junwen(Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization,Kunming University)
出处
《中国有色冶金》
CAS
北大核心
2024年第4期24-32,共9页
China Nonferrous Metallurgy
关键词
锌电积
杂质离子
阳极腐蚀
能耗
氟离子
氯离子
zinc electrowinning
impurity ions
anode corrosion
energy consumption
fluoride ions
chloride ions
