摘要
肠道菌群与动物营养代谢、机体健康、免疫等方面紧密相关,同时也可以间接反映物种的环境适应能力。2017年獐(Hydropotes inermis)的足迹在东北地区重新出现,初步探究其种群扩散、恢复的原因,并进一步为有效扩大獐在我国的分布,于2021年冬季通过无损伤取样法在辽宁省东南部四个地区采集獐新鲜粪便样本,采用高通量测序技术对粪便DNA中细菌16Sr RNA的V3—V4高变区进行扩增,对獐肠道菌群的组成及多样性进行分析。结果显示:厚壁菌门(Firmicute)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidete)是獐肠道中的优势菌门,变形菌门(Proteobacteria,30.40%)和大肠杆菌志贺菌属(Escherichia_Shigella,28.48%)仅在沙尖子(SJZ)地区的相对丰度较大,而在其它三个地区中丰度分别不到2%和0.1%。四个地区獐的肠道微生物在丰富度上没有差异(ACE和Chao1,P>0.05),而獐肠道菌群多样性比较中,沙尖子地区与其它三个地区存在显著差异(Shannon和Simpson,P<0.05)。NMDS分析和ANOSIM分析结果显示,沙尖子地区獐肠道菌群与其它三地区在组内结构相似,但组间存在着一定差异(R>0,P<0)。LDA直方图表明四个地区的獐肠道中存在显著差异的细菌菌属有18种,Anaerobutyricum菌属在下露河地区獐的肠道中被显著富集,沙尖子地区中对组间差异影响最大的是近芽孢杆菌属(Peribacillus)。通过对东北地区分布的獐肠道菌群的分析,初步了解獐在寒冷地区生存的肠道菌群的适应机制,揭示獐体内的潜在致病菌和通过消化粗纤维来获取能量的方式,为进一步探究东北地区獐肠道微生物生理生态适应提供基础资料。建议通过一定措施保护或恢复辽宁省东南部地区獐的食物来源,提升獐适宜生境内的生物多样性水平,从而在一定程度上有效保护该种群。
Gut microbiota is closely related to animal nutrition metabolism,body health,immunity and other aspects,and can also indirectly reflect the environmental adaptability of species.In 2017,the footprint of the water deer(Hydropotes inermis)reappeared in the northeast China.The reasons for the population diffusion and recovery were preliminary explored.To effectively expand the distribution of water deer in China,fresh fecal samples of water deer were collected from four areas in southeast Liaoning Province in winter of 2021 by non-invasive sampling method.The V3—V4 hypervariable region of bacterial 16 Sr RNA in fecal DNA was amplified by high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota of water deer.The results showed that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phylum in the intestine of the water deer.Proteobacteria(30.40%)and Escherichia_Shigella(28.48%)were relatively abundant only in Shajianzi(SJZ),but less than 2%and 0.1% in the other three regions.There was no difference in the abundance of gut microorganisms in the four regions(ACE and Chao1 index,P>0.05),but there was significant difference in the diversity of gut microbiota between Shajianzi area and the other three areas(Shannon and Simpson,P<0.05).The results of NMDS analysis and ANOSIM analysis indicated that the structure of gut microbiota in Shajianzi area was similar to other three areas,but there were some differences among the groups(R>0,P<0).LDA histogram indicated that there were 18 species of bacteria in the intestine of water deer from the four areas.Anaerobutyricum was significantly enriched in the intestines of the water deer in the Xialuhe(XLH),while Peribacillus was the most influential species in Shajianzi.Through the analysis of the intestinal flora of the water deer distributed in the northeast region,the adaptation mechanism of the gut microbiota of the water deer living in the cold region was preliminary understood,and the potential pathogenic bacteria in the water deer and the way of obtaining energy by digesting crude fiber were revealed,which provided basic data for further exploring the physiological and ecological adaptation of the intestinal microorganisms of the water deer in Northeast China.It is suggested that some measures should be taken to protect or restore the food source of the water deer in the southeastern Liaoning Province,and to improve the biodiversity level in the suitable habitat of the water deer,so as to effectively protect the population to a certain extent.
作者
张春丽
孙嘉
李宗智
陈俊达
张致荣
滕丽微
刘振生
ZHANG Chunli;SUN Jia;LI Zongzhi;CHEN Junda;ZHANG Zhirong;TENG Liwei;LIU Zhensheng(College of Wildlife Resources,Northest Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;Liaoning Wildlife Protection and Epidemic Disease Monitoring Center,Dalian 116013,China;Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Harbin 150040,China)
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第15期6445-6456,共12页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金(32070519,32071649)。
