摘要
方法:采用文献资料法、实验法及数理统计法等研究方法,探讨消防员不同应急救援任务优势侧下肢行走生物力学特征及损伤风险。实验随机选取15名现役消防员分别进行消防服、煤气罐以及假人应急救援任务测试。采用Qualisys红外运动捕捉系统和AMTI测力台同步采集受试者运动学和动力学数据。结果:与消防服组相比,煤气罐组复步长指标显著降低(P<0.05),髋关节力矩和功率谷值、踝关节内翻角度峰值显著增大(P<0.05);假人组髋膝踝关节力矩谷值、膝踝关节力矩峰值、髋膝踝关节功率峰值、髋膝关节功率谷值、髋膝关节刚度与vGRF显著增大(P<0.05),踝关节内翻力矩与功率峰值显著减小(P<0.05)。结论:随着救援任务负荷的增加,消防员采取更大下肢缓冲策略以抵御负载阻力且假人应急救援训练任务会增加膝、踝关节受伤风险。建议:在日常应急训练项目中应加强大重量负载状态下(60 kg及以上)消防员髋膝关节及核心肌群力量训练,以降低实战应急救援任务中运动损伤的概率。
METHODS:The present study employs literature review,experimental methods,and mathematical statistics to explore the biomechanical characteristics and injury risks associated with firefighters' lower limb movements during various emergency rescue tasks.Fifteen active-duty firefighters were randomly selected to perform tests involving firefighting gear,gas cylinders,and simulated human figures.Kinematic and kinetic data of the subjects were synchronously collected using the Qualisys infrared motion capture system and the AMTI force platform.RESULTS:Compared to the firefighting gear group,the gas cylinder group showed a significant decrease in stride length(P<0.05),while the peak hip joint torque and power,as well as the peak ankle inversion angle,significantly increased(P<0.05).In the simulated human figure group,the peak hip,knee,and ankle joint torque,knee-ankle joint torque peak,hip-knee-ankle joint power peak,hip-knee joint power valley,hip-knee joint stiffness,and vertical ground reaction force(vGRF) significantly increased(P<0.05),whereas the ankle inversion torque and power peak significantly decreased(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:With increasing rescue task loads,firefighters adopt greater lower limb buffering strategies to resist load resistance.Additionally,simulated human figure emergency rescue training tasks may increase the risk of knee and ankle joint injuries.SUGGESTION:It is suggested to strengthen hip-knee joint and core muscle strength training for firefighters under heavy load conditions(60 kg and above) in daily emergency training programs to reduce the probability of movement injuries during actual emergency rescue tasks.
作者
陀浩雯
高品操
张新新
刘卫国
Tuo Haowen;Gao Pincao;Zhang Xinxin;Liu Weiguo(School of Physical Education and Health,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin 541006,China;不详)
出处
《体育科技文献通报》
2024年第7期275-279,共5页
Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology
基金
广西研究生教育创新计划项目(项目编号:XYCBZ2024014)。
关键词
消防员
应急救援
生物力学
步态
firefighter
emergency rescue
biomechanics
gait
