摘要
扭送权的性质与体系定位有长久争议,《刑事诉讼法》关于扭送权行使条件、行使限度的规定也不甚明晰。基于《刑法》保障人权的机能,正当化事由不应当受到罪刑法定原则的制约,因此扭送权可以作为超法规正当化事由而存在。在紧急权体系中,扭送权隶属于转嫁型紧急权,其正当性根据在于维护国家刑事追诉利益。以社会团结原则为根基,公民被公力机关赋予扭送犯罪嫌疑人的权利,但也承担了一定的风险。扭送权的行使条件应符合转嫁型紧急权“不得已”的特征,此时公力机关缺位,公民在内心对扭送对象具有犯罪嫌疑形成了“高度可能性”的确信;扭送权行使限度应符合比例原则的制约,以能够限制被扭送人人身自由为限度。但当被扭送人实施了严重危及扭送人人身安全的暴力行为时,扭送权转化为正当防卫权,其限度与《刑法》规定的特殊防卫权之限度相当。
The nature and system positioning of the right of transfer have long been disputed,and the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Law on the conditions and limits of the exercise of the right of transfer are not clear.Based on the function of protecting human rights in the Criminal Law,the cause of justification should not be restricted by the principle of legality of crime,so the right of revocation can exist as the cause of justification beyond the law.In the system of emergency right,the right to transfer belongs to the transferable emergency right,and its legitimacy is based on safeguarding the interests of national criminal prosecution.Based on the principle of social solidarity,citizens are given the right to turn over criminal suspects by public authorities,but they also bear certain risks.The conditions for the exercise of the transfer emergency right should conform to the characteristics of "forced".At this time,the public force organ is absent,and citizens have a "high possibility" of believing that the object of the transfer is suspected of a crime.The limit of the exercise of the right of transfer should conform to the principle of proportionality,so as to limit the personal freedom of the person being transferred.However,when the transferee commits a violent act that seriously endangers the personal safety of the transferee,the right of transferee is transformed into the right of justifiable defense,the limit of which is equivalent to the limit of the special right of defense stipulated in the Criminal Law.
作者
赵思然
王传敏
ZHAO Si-ran;WANG Chuan-min
出处
《江苏警官学院学报》
2024年第3期29-38,共10页
Journal of Jiangsu Police Institute
关键词
扭送权
正当化事由
紧急权体系
转嫁型紧急权
the right to deliver a suspect to authorities
legitimate reason
the system of emergency right
transfer-type emergency rights
