摘要
椎基静脉孔是椎体后壁的皮质缺损区域,在人类及常见哺乳动物中均有存在,是椎基静脉、腰动脉分支、脊神经返支等结构进出椎体的天然孔道,其存在改变了椎体局部微结构,导致椎体中部区域皮质骨缺损及骨小梁稀疏,进而影响了椎体的生物力学特征,使椎体中部成为椎体的一个“薄弱”区域。在椎体内,部分特征性损伤的产生与椎基静脉孔有关,如椎体压缩性骨折及骨折不愈合产生的椎体裂隙征、椎体爆裂性骨折及椎体后上缘骨折块,以及治疗过程中产生的骨水泥漏等。本文就椎基静脉孔的解剖学特征、发育生物学特征、椎基静脉孔对生物力学特征的影响、椎基静脉孔相关的椎体疾病及治疗进行综述,以期为临床椎体骨折诊疗提供参考。
Basivertebral foramen is a natural orifice in the posterior wall of the vertebral body existing in humans and mammals,through which the basal vertebral vein,branch of lumbar artery and recurrent branch of spinal nerve enter and exit the vertebral body.Basivertebral foramen changes the local microstructure of the vertebral body,resulting in cortical defect and sparse trabecular bone in the central region of the vertebral body,thus affecting its biomechanical characteristics and making its central region a“weak”area of the vertebra.Some characteristic injuries of the vertebra are related to basivertebral foramen,such as vertebral compression fracture and intervertebral cleft,vertebral burst fracture and posterior upper vertebral fracture fragment,and cement leakage during treatment.In this article,the anatomical and developmental biological characteristics of basivertebral foramen,the impact of basivertebral foramen on biomechanical characteristics,and the treatment of basivertebral foramen related vertebral diseases are reviewed,in order to provide references for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of vertebral injuries.
作者
李生鋆
赵兴
LI Shengyun;ZHAO Xing(Department of Orthopedics,Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine,Hangzhou 310016,China)
出处
《浙江大学学报（医学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第4期443-449,共7页
Journal of Zhejiang University(Medical Sciences)
基金
中西医协同创新基金。
关键词
椎基静脉孔
解剖学
生物力学
椎体疾病
综述
Basivertebral foramen
Anatomy
Biomechanics
Vertebral diseases
Review
