摘要
发达国家借助竞争中性原则创设的非商业援助规则重塑了国际补贴规则,其影响正逐渐由区域层面向全球范围扩展,大有成为国际贸易新型补贴规则范本之势。然而,非商业援助规则的立法逻辑与规则设计对国有企业具有先天性歧视,偏离了竞争中性的基本立场和价值取向,其背后隐藏着发达国家推广新自由主义经济学、阻碍中国国有企业参与贸易竞争的意图,不仅会使中国国有企业在开展国际贸易、跨境投资时面临更加复杂和严苛的审查,还会破坏正常的国际经贸秩序。为此,中国首先可从回归竞争中性的角度提出矫正非商业援助规则的中国方案,其次在谈判中充分利用例外条款最大限度地维护国家利益,最后积极推动国内改革,从源头上减轻外部规则压力。
Developed countries have reshaped the international rules on subsidies with the introduction of the non-commercial assistance rule on the basis of the principle of competition neutrality.This new rule has been widely adopted and is becoming a new model for international rules on subsidies.This article holds that the logic behind the noncommercial assistance rule and its regulatory design unreasonably discriminated against state-owned enterprises.The rule has moved beyond the core value of competition neutrality theory.By introducing the new rule,certain developed countries have intentionally promoted the so-called neo-liberalism and limited the development of state-owned enterprises in developing countries.This will pose serious challenges to the Chinese state-owned enterprises engaging in international trade and investment,and undermine the international economic order.It is recommended that China to adhere the core concept of competition neutrality in response to the non-commercial assistance rule.Exception clauses could be another approach to protect national interests in negotiating relevant issues.Finally,domestic reform should go hand in hand with international negotiations.
作者
傅江湲
马晓宁
FU Jiangyuan;MA Xiaoning(Law School,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,Hubei,430074)
基金
华中科技大学自主创新基金—华中科技大学人权法律研究院专项课题“滥用人权保护破坏全球产业链的法律应对研究”(2021WKFXZX030)。
关键词
非商业援助
竞争中性
国有企业
补贴规则
Non-commercial Assistance
Competition Neutrality
State-owned Enterprises
Subsidies Rules
