摘要
旨为明确海河平原春季限水灌溉对冬小麦根系生长及籽粒产量的影响,对减少灌溉用水、提高水分利用效率具有重要的意义。以石麦22为供试材料,设置传统春季2次灌溉(W2)、春季1次灌溉(W1)和春季不灌溉(W0)3个灌水次数处理,其中W1基于春季3,4,5,6叶龄(3L、4L、5L、6L)设置4个单次灌溉时间处理。结果表明,与W2相比,W0和W1产量分别降低54.6%,24.4%,W1在4L灌溉产量最高,产量构成降低效应不显著。限水灌溉降低了冬小麦总根质量密度和根长密度,在开花期W1总根质量密度显著降低17.2%,W0总根质量密度、根长密度分别显著降低47.5%,35.1%。并且W1条件下,4L的根总根质量密度和根长密度最大。根系的垂直分布显示,减少灌溉次数增加了根系在40 cm以下土层的分布,但W1随着灌溉时间的推迟,深层土壤的根系分布减少,根系活力增加。其中,在开花期,4L在120~160 cm土层、160~200 cm土层、200~240 cm土层比6L分别显著高出28.8%,14.2%,36.5%。限水灌溉条件下根系特征和产量的相关性和通径分析表明,拔节-开花期总根质量密度和根长密度对产量有正效应,3L和4L处理开花期总根长密度对产量的直接贡献最大。总体来讲,4L处理在拔节-开花期的根系总量较高,并且增加了40~240 cm深层根系分布和根系活力,穗数和穗粒数较高,有利于缓解限水灌溉导致的冬小麦产量的降低,可作为海河平原冬小麦限水灌溉有效方式。
Clarifying the effect of spring limited irrigation on the root development and grain yield of winter wheat in Haihe Plain is of great significance to reduce irrigation and improve water use efficiency.This study used Shimai 22 as the test material,irrigation treatments were traditional irrigation twice at jointing and anthesis stage(W2),no irrigation(W0),and single irrigation(W1)with four irrigation-time treatments(3L,4L,5L,and 6L)based on the number of leaves unfolded in spring.The results showed that compared with W2,W0 and W1 yield decreased by 54.6%and 24.4%respectively,the irrigation yield was highest at 4L in W1,and the effect of yield composition reduction was not significant.Limited irrigation reduced the total root weight density and root length density of winter wheat.During the anthesis period,the total root weight density of W1 decreased significantly by 17.2%,while the total root weight density and root length density of W0 decreased significantly by 47.5%and 35.1%,respectively.And under W1 condition,4L has the highest total root weight density and root length density.The vertical distribution of roots showed that reducing the frequency of irrigation increased the distribution of roots in the soil layer below 40 cm,however,with the postponement of irrigation time,the root distribution of W1 deep soil decreased and root vigor increased.Among them,during the anthesis period,4L was significantly higher than 6L by 28.8%,14.2%,and 36.5%in the 120-160 cm,160-200 cm,and 200-240 cm soil layers,respectively.Correlation and path analysis showed that total root weight density and root length density at joint-anthesis period had a positive effect on yield.The direct contribution of total root length density in 3L and 4L irrigation was the largest.Generally speaking,the root mass of 4L treatment was higher at jointing-anthesis period,the deep root distribution and root activity of 40-240 cm were increased,resulting in higher spike number and kernel number,which was beneficial to alleviate the decrease of winter wheat yield at limited irrigation,it can be used as an effective way of limited irrigation for winter wheat in Haihe Plain.
作者
王丽
刘雪静
张学成
任建宏
王彦东
甄文超
WANG Li;LIU Xuejing;ZHANG Xuecheng;REN Jianhong;WANG Yandong;ZHEN Wenchao(College of Agronomy,Hebei Agricultural University,State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation,Key Laboratory of North China Water-saving Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Baoding 071001,China;College of Mining Engineering,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063210,China)
出处
《华北农学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第4期119-132,共14页
Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300906)
河北省重点计划项目(21327001D)
河北省现代农业产业技术体系(HBCT2023010202)
华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室自主课题(NCCIR2022ZZ-11)。
关键词
冬小麦
限水灌溉
根质量密度
根长密度
根系活力
Winter wheat
Limited irrigation
Root weight density
Root length density
Root activity
