摘要
农业法案是美国农业政策的基础,也是美国农业产业发展的重要保障。美国农业法案始于1933年,到2024年已出台18部农业法案,从2022年开始制定的第19部农业法案表现迟缓,至今未能形成新农业法草案。新农业法案为何迟迟难以推出?美国当局正面临着哪些困境?新农业法案的未来走向又将如何?本文认为,美国新农业法案的出台面临着农业生产风险扩大、政府财政约束、政党分歧和世界贸易组织(WTO)规制四个难题。为解决这些难题,本文分析并提出新农业法案进展的三个走向,一是严格把控营养项目的申请资格和支出,二是设置过渡性的气候环境政策,三是改进农业收入安全网计划的支持水平。结合美国新农业法案进展分析,本文在加强中国农业立法方面的制度化建设、协同制订农业支持政策和提高农民参与或影响政策的可能性和能动性等方面提出了思考和建议。
Farm Bill is the foundation of U.S.agricultural policy and an important safeguard for the development of U.S.agriculture.Since the first Farm Bill in 1933,there have been 18 more like it enacted over the past nine-plus decades.The next Farm Bill,which began in 2022,has been slow in its development,and so far it has failed to form the draft.Why is the next Farm Bill delayed?What dilemmas are U.S.authorities facing?And what are the future trends in the Farm Bill?By systematically organizing related progress materials,this paper investigates that the introduction of the next Farm Bill faces four problems,including expanding agricultural production risks,government financial constraints,political party disagreements,and WTO regulations.Combined with the existing discussions,this paper analyzes and proposes three directions for the progress of the next Farm Bill.First,strictly controlling eligibility and spending on nutrition programs.Second,setting transitional climate and environmental policies.Third,improving the level of support for farm income safety net programs.Based on the analysis of the next Farm Bill,this paper puts forward reflections and recommendations on strengthening the institutionalization of China agricultural legislation,collaborating on the development of agricultural policies,and increasing the possibilities for farmers to participate in or influence policies.
作者
王琪
吕向东
田志宏
WANG Qi;LV Xiangdong;TIAN Zhihong
出处
《世界农业》
CSSCI
2024年第9期42-51,共10页
World Agriculture
关键词
美国农业法案
农业政策
农业补贴
营养援助计划
U.S.Farm Bill
Farm Policy
Agricultural Subsidies
Nutrition Assistance Programs
