摘要
本试验旨在研究不同菌酶组合对3种饲草原料青贮发酵品质的影响,筛选出适宜的菌酶制剂与饲草组合。采用4因素3水平正交设计,4因素分别为纤维素分解菌(A)、乳酸菌(B)、酶制剂(C)和原料(D),每个因素3水平。试验共9个组,每组3个重复。1组为枯草芽孢杆菌+粪肠球菌+纤维素酶+甜高粱,2组为枯草芽孢杆菌+植物乳杆菌+木聚糖酶+多年生饲草玉米,3组为枯草芽孢杆菌+鼠李糖杆菌+淀粉酶+象草,4组为泛菌+粪肠球菌+木聚糖酶+象草,5组为泛菌+植物乳杆菌+淀粉酶+甜高粱,6组为泛菌+鼠李糖杆菌+纤维素酶+多年生饲草玉米,7组为草螺菌+粪肠球菌+淀粉酶+多年生饲草玉米,8组为草螺菌+植物乳杆菌+纤维素酶+象草,9组为草螺菌+鼠李糖杆菌+木聚糖酶+甜高粱。各组青贮60 d后对营养成分含量、发酵参数以及微生物数量进行分析。结果表明:1)1组、5组和9组的干物质和可溶性碳水化合物含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),5组的粗蛋白质含量显著高于2组和6组(P<0.05),3组的中性洗涤纤维含量显著低于1组和9组(P<0.05),4组和8组的酸性洗涤纤维含量显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。2)4组的pH和丙酸含量显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),1组的乳酸含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),6组、7组和8组的乙酸含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),1组的氨态氮含量显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。3)1组、2组和5组的乳酸菌数量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),9组的霉菌数量显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),5组的酵母菌数量显著低于除9组外的其他各组(P<0.05)。综合平衡法正交分析结果表明,4因素对青贮饲料品质的影响由大到小顺序为原料>酶制剂>乳酸菌>纤维素分解菌,正交筛选最优组合为枯草芽孢杆菌+植物乳杆菌+木聚糖酶+甜高粱。
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different bacterial-enzyme combinations on the fermentation quality of three raw forage materials,and to screen the suitable combinations of bacterial-enzyme preparation and forage.A 4-factor 3-level orthogonal design was adopted,the 4 factors were cellulose decomposing bacteria(A),lactic acid bacteria(B),enzyme preparation(C)and raw material(D),each factor contained 3 levels.There were 9 groups in the experiment,with 3 replicates in each group.Group 1 was Bacillus subtilis+Enterococcus faecalis+cellulase+sweet sorghum,group 2 was Bacillus subtilis+Lactobacillus plantarum+xylanase+perennial forage maize,group 3 was Bacillus subtilis+Lactobacillus rhamnosus+amylase+napier grass,group 4 was Pantoea ananatis+Enterococcus faecalis+xylanase+napier grass,group 5 was Pantoea ananatis+Lactobacillus plantarum+amylase+sweet sorghum,group 6 was Pantoea ananatis+Lactobacillus rhamnosus+cellulase+perennial forage maize,group 7 was Herbaspirillum seropedicae+Enterococcus faecalis+amylase+perennial forage maize,group 8 was Herbaspirillum seropedicae+Lactobacillus plantarum+cellulase+napier grass,and group 9 was Herbaspirillum seropedicae+Lactobacillus rhamnosus+xylanase+sweet sorghum.Each group was evaluated for nutritional composition contents,fermentation parameters and microbial number after 60 days of ensiling.The results showed as follows:1)the dry matter and soluble carbohydrate contents of groups 1,5 and 9 were significantly higher than those of other groups(P<0.05),the crude protein content of group 5 was significantly higher than that of groups 2 and 6(P<0.05),the neutral detergent fiber content of group 3 was significantly lower than that of groups 1 and 9(P<0.05),and the acid detergent fiber content of groups 4 and 8 was significantly lower than that of other groups(P<0.05).2)The pH and propionic acid content of group 4 were significantly lower than those of other groups(P<0.05),the lactic acid content of group 1 was significantly higher than those of other groups(P<0.05),the acetic acid content of groups 6,7 and 8 was significantly higher than those of other groups(P<0.05),and the ammonia nitrogen content of group 1 was significantly lower than those of other groups(P<0.05).3)The lactic acid bacteria number of groups 1,2 and 5 was significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05),the mould number of group 9 was significantly lower than that of other groups(P<0.05),and the yeast number of group 5 was significantly lower than that of other groups except group 9(P<0.05).The synthetic equilibrium method orthogonal analysis results showed that the order of factors influencing silage quality is raw material>enzyme preparation>lactic acid bacteria>cellulose decomposing bacteria.The optimal combination for orthogonal screening is Bacillus subtilis+Lactobacillus plantarum+xylanase+sweet sorghum.
作者
王子苑
吉玉玉
舒健虹
陈莹
王茜
王小利
杨春燕
WANG Ziyuan;JI Yuyu;SHU Jianhong;CHEN Ying;WANG Qian;WANG Xiaoli;YANG Chunyan(Guizhou Institute of Prataculture,Guiyang 550006,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第8期5399-5410,共12页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
黔科合支撑([2021]一般179)
黔科合服企([2022]004)
黔科合基础(ZK[2024]一般537)。
关键词
纤维素分解菌
乳酸菌
酶制剂
青贮发酵
正交试验
cellulose decomposing bacteria
lactic acid bacteria
enzyme preparation
silage fermentation
orthogonal test
