摘要
在全球气候变暖的大背景和人类活动产生的增温效应影响下,青藏高原多年冻土加速退化,致使热融滑塌频发。这一现象不仅直接影响区域生态环境,还对工程建筑物的稳定性造成潜在威胁。本文旨在通过综述青藏高原多年冻土区热融滑塌的研究进展,概括热融滑塌的形成机理、提取方法、发育特征、影响机理及其对环境和工程的影响等,以期为热融灾害防治和气候变化评估预测提供科学依据。总结得出:热融滑塌的形成是多种复杂因子作用并长期积累的结果,常造成溯源侵蚀。其发育形状各异,以长条形、支岔形、多头舌为主。热融滑塌在空间上呈不均匀分布,集中在青藏工程走廊。其空间分布主要受地形与冻土条件影响。此外,热融滑塌会改变土壤结构和理化过程,对区域碳循环产生影响,进而增加全球或区域性的温室气体排放。监测热融滑塌通常采用高空间分辨率遥感影像解译与无人机实地验证相结合的方式。目前研究中多结合Planet Cube Sat影像与深度学习算法,实现对大范围冻土区热融滑塌的自动识别与制图。Deep Lab V3+等深度学习模型在未来大范围热融滑塌研究中有很好的应用前景。随着我国青藏高原地区工程建设和生态环境保护的需求增长,探究热融滑塌的形成机理、发育特征、影响机理及其对环境和工程的影响,可为青藏高原工程规划、热融灾害防治、环境保护提供理论基础和科学依据。
Against the backdrop of global climate warming and the warming effects induced by human activities,the permafrost on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is experiencing accelerated degradation,leading to frequent occurrences of retrogressive thaw slumps.This phenomenon not only directly impacts the regional ecological environment,but also poses a potential threat to the stability of engineering structures.This paper aims to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and prediction of thawing hazards and the assessment of climate change by reviewing the research progress on retrogressive thaw slumps in the permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau by summarizing the formation mechanism,extraction methods,distribution characteristics,influencing mechanism,as well as the subsequent impacts of retrogressive thaw slumps on environment and engineering.It is concluded that the formation of retrogressive thaw slumps is the result of the interaction of various complex factors and long-term accumulation,often resulting in headward erosion,with diverse development shapes mainly controlled by slope gradients.They present various developmental shapes,mainly including elongated,branched,and multi-headed tongue shapes.Spatially,retrogressive thaw slumps show inhomogeneous distribution,which cluster in engineering corridors on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Their spatial distribution is mainly controlled by terrain and permafrost conditions.Furthermore,retrogressive thaw slumps can alter soil structure and physicochemical processes,affecting regional carbon cycling,thereby increasing global or regional greenhouse gas emissions.Based on high spatial resolution remote sensing images interpretation and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)field verification,retrogressive thaw slumps was widespreadly monitored.Currently,research often combines Planet Cube Sat imagery with deep learning algorithms to achieve automatic identification and mapping of retrogressive thaw slumps in large-scale permafrost regions.Deep learning models such as Deep Lab V3+show a better performance in future extensive studies of retrogressive thaw slumps.With the increasing demand for engineering construction and ecological environment protection on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,it is necessary to investigate the formation mechanisms,developmental characteristics,influencing mechanisms,and impacts on the environment and engineering of retrogressive thaw slumps,which will provide a theoretical foundation and scientific basis for engineering planning,prevention of retrogressive thaw slumps,and environmental protection on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.
作者
罗炳楠
刘文惠
谢昌卫
刘海瑞
郝君明
周广浩
李卿鹏
李晴
LUO Bingnan;LIU Wenhui;XIE Changwei;LIU Hairui;HAO Junming;ZHOU Guanghao;LI Qingpeng;LI Qing(School of Geological Engineering,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;College of Eco-Environmental Engineering,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;School of Civil Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China)
出处
《冰川冻土》
CSCD
2024年第4期1135-1155,共21页
Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology
基金
青海省科技成果转化专项项目(2024-SF-129)
青海省青年科学基金项目(2021-ZJ-940Q)资助。
关键词
青藏高原
热融滑塌
发育特征
驱动机制
环境和工程影响
Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
retrogressive thaw slumps
developmental characteristics
driving mecha⁃nisms
impacts on environment and engineering
