摘要
近年来生物“多样性与稳定性”理论是河流生态学关注的热点之一。为探究河流底栖动物多样性与群落稳定性的分布模式及其驱动因子,于2021年8月,基于环境DNA技术对黄河流域济南段山区河流进行生物监测。根据土地利用类型,将该山区河流分为低干扰区、中干扰区和高干扰区,分析不同干扰区环境因子、底栖动物多样性及群落稳定性的分布特征,并识别其影响要素。研究结果表明:(1)环境因子中电导率(EC)、总氮(TN)和硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)均值呈现出高干扰区>中干扰区>低干扰区的趋势。(2)Margalef丰富度指数(d)、Pielou均匀度指数(J)、群落稳定性指数(ICV)和凝聚力指数(|负凝聚力|/正凝聚力)均在中干扰区最高。(3)氨氮(NH3-N)和生物群落组成变化分别与d(r=0.67,P<0.05)和物种丰度S(r=0.52,P<0.05)具有显著正相关关系。(4)结构方程模型分析发现,EC、NH3-N和NO_(3)^(-)-N是显著影响底栖动物群落稳定性的关键环境因子;S和d是显著影响底栖动物群落稳定性的关键生物因子。其中,EC、NH3-N和d有利于群落趋于稳定;高浓度的NO_(3)^(-)-N和较低的S虽然不利于群落稳定,但会促进群落的种间竞争关系。研究揭示了生物与非生物因子对河流底栖动物多样性及其群落稳定性的作用机制,可为今后河流生态系统健康管理提供重要参考。
In recent years,the theory of biological diversity and stability has become one of the hotspots in river ecology.To explore the distribution patterns of benthic invertebrate diversity and community stability,and identify their driving factors,a field investigation based on environmental DNA technology(eDNA)was conducted during August 2021 at 10 sampling sites in a mountainous river of Jinan section at lower Yellow River Basin.According to land-use types,the study area was divided into three categories:low disturbance zone(Low),moderate disturbance zone(Moderate),and high disturbance zone(High).Then,we analyzed the distribution patterns of environmental factors,benthic invertebrate diversity and community stability at the three disturbance zones,and simultaneously identified their driving factors.Results showed that:①The environmental factors,including electrical conductivity(EC),total nitrogen(TN)and nitrate nitrogen(NO_(3)^(-)-N),exhibited a trend of high disturbance zone>moderate disturbance zone>low disturbance zone.Concentrations of these environmental factors were(569.33±37.44)μS/cm,(6.73±1.20)mg/L and(6.17±1.15)mg/L at high disturbance zone,(554.75±47.58)μS/cm,(4.05±0.63)mg/L and(2.84±0.68)mg/L at moderate disturbance zone,and(359.67±34.07)μS/cm,(3.02±0.52)mg/L and(2.43±0.58)at low disturbance zone,respectively.②Biodiversity indices,such as Margalef abundance index(d),Pielou evenness index(J),community stability index(ICV),and cohesion index(|Negative cohesion|/Positive cohesion)showed the highest values at moderate disturbance zone with average±standard error of 3.75±0.07,0.76±0.02,1.90±0.11 and 1.45±0.27,respectively.③Ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N)and community composition change had positive effect on Margalef abundance index(d)(r=0.52,P<0.05)and the species richness S of benthic invertebrate(r=0.67,P<0.05),respectively.④Analysis of structural equation model(SEM)revealed that EC,NH_(3)^(-)N and NO_(3)^(-)-N were the critical environmental stressors,and S and d were the primary biotic factors affecting the community stability(i.e.,ICV and|Negative cohesion|/Positive cohesion)of benthic invertebrates.Among these factors,EC,NH3-N and d were conducive to the construction of a stable mechanism for benthic invertebrate community with effect size of 0.43,0.07 and 0.53 for ICV,and 0.06,0.39 and 0.92 for|Negative cohesion|/Positive cohesion,respectively.Although high concentrations of NO_(3)^(-)-N and low species richness(S)significantly reduced the community stability,they promoted the relationships of species competition within the community.Overall,our study deeply revealed the mechanism of biotic and abiotic factors on the benthic invertebrate diversity and community stability in mountainous rivers,which provided a scientific basis for future ecosystem health management of mountainous rivers.
作者
赵茜
潘福霞
李斌
贾晓波
丁森
ZHAO Qian;PAN Fuxia;LI Bin;JIA Xiaobo;DING Sen(Institute of Environment and Ecology,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250358,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第17期7844-7858,共15页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
山东省自然科学基金(ZR2020QD127)
国家重点研发计划(2021YFC3201003)。
关键词
物种多样性
群落稳定性
底栖动物
驱动因子
山区河流
species diversity
community stability
benthic invertebrate
driving factors
mountainous rivers
