摘要
应然层面,“视为”的立法术语对应着“拟制”的立法技术,其方法论基础是立法者的类比推理,是对两个不同构成要件的同等评价。在法技术价值上,较之直接新设规范,拟制(间接新设规范)拥有化繁为简的巧劲。在《民法典》44处使用“视为”术语的条文中,有18处系正确使用,有26处系误用(3处是可用但用错、23处是不宜用而用)。立足于正确使用“视为”的条文,可建构起视为的功能体系:矫正民事主体的不诚信行为、改变民事主体的不公平境遇、化解法律关系的不明朗状态。对于误用“视为”的条文,可区分不同规范性质(推定性规范、说明性规范、限制性规范、解释性规范),在解释论上做出准确的修正解读,在立法论上提出未来的改进方案。
The legislative term“be deemed”ought to correspond to the legislative technique of“fiction”.Its methodological basis is the analogy of the legislator,the equal evaluation of two different constituent elements.In terms of legal technical value,compared to the direct creation of new norms,fiction(indirect creation of new norms)possesses the ingenuity to simplify the complexity.There are 44 articles of the Civil Code that use the term“be deemed”,of which 18 are correctly used and 26 are incorrectly used(3 of them use it inappropriately and 23 of them are misused).Based on these legal provisions that correctly use“be deemed”,a functional system of“be deemed”can be constructed:correcting the dishonest behavior of a civil subject,changing the unfair situation of a civil subject,and resolving the uncertainty of a legal relationship.For these legal provisions that incorrectly use“be deemed”,according to their different normative nature(presumptive norms,illustrative norms,restrictive norms,interpretive norms),an accurate and revised interpretation can be made in terms of interpretation and the improvement plans can be proposed in terms of legislation.
出处
《南大法学》
CSSCI
2024年第5期104-130,共27页
NanJing University Law Journal
