摘要
以航运公司数字化转型为背景,对货代企业存在资金约束的航运供应链进行研究,比较银行融资、延迟支付融资和混合融资三种融资模式,分别构建不同融资模式下的利润函数模型并求出均衡决策,通过理论分析和数值仿真探讨各因素对航运供应链最优决策指标和利润的影响,提出航运供应链内航运公司和货代企业的最优融资策略。研究表明:(1)银行融资利率与数字化转型成本系数的提高对数字化转型水平、上述二类企业的利润产生消极影响,托运人数字意识提高对其产生积极影响。延迟支付融资利率在延迟支付融资模式下对以上指标无影响,在混合融资模式下对其产生积极影响。(2)混合融资模式下,航运公司和货代企业都偏好更高的延迟支付融资比例。(3)延迟支付融资模式是航运公司和货代企业的最优融资模式选择。研究成果为数字化航运供应链的融资策略选择提供了建议,为促进供应链的韧性和安全提供了强大助力。
Shipping is the main transportation mode for global trade,and also an important support for China to improve comprehensive national strength,participate in international governance,and safeguard its national interests.Freight forwarding enterprises is a hub connecting the supply side and demand side of the shipping supply chain by buying ship spaces from shipping companies and reselling them to shippers,which can promote the exchange and integration of commodities,funds,information and talents,and facilitate international trade.However,in the shipping process,freight forwarding enterprises need to advance the shipment and related expenses.Moreover,due to the long distance and capital turnover time of international shipping,freight forwarding enterprises have high demand for working capital and need support in financing.The arrival of the digital age has brought changes and challenges to the traditional shipping industry,and shipping enterprises have begun the process of digital transformation.In such light,supply chain internal financing is a good way-out for capital-straitened freight forwarding enterprises.However,when internal financing cannot meet the capital demand of the enterprises,external financing must be introduced in the supply chain to alleviate the capital pressure.In the context of digital transformation of the shipping companies,we studied the shipping supply chain with financially constrained freight forwarding enterprises,proposed three financing models,namely bank financing,deferred payment financing and mixed financing,constructed the profit function models under different financing models and obtained the equilibrium decisions.Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation,we discussed the influence of various factors on the optimal decision index and profit,and proposed the optimal financing strategy for shipping companies and freight forwarding enterprises in the shipping supply chain.The result showed that(1)the level of digital transformation and enterprise profit are negatively affected by increase in bank financing rate and digital transformation cost coefficient,but positively by improvement of shipper's digital awareness.The two indexes are not affected by delayed payment financing rate in the delayed payment financing mode,but are positively so in the mixed financing mode.(2)under the mixed financing model,shipping companies and freight forwarding enterprises prefer higher proportion of delayed payment financing.(3)delayed payment financing mode is the optimal financing mode for shipping companies and freight forwarding enterprises alike.The above research results provide reference for the financing strategy selection of the digital shipping supply chain,and contribute substantially to improving the resilience and security of the shipping supply chain.
作者
何新华
张铭涛
HE Xinhua;ZHANG Mingtao(School of Economics&Management,Shanghai Maritime University,Shanghai 201306,China)
出处
《物流技术》
2024年第8期84-100,共17页
Logistics Technology
基金
上海市哲学社会科学项目(2024VSJ060)
上海市软科学重点项目(24692116400)。
关键词
航运供应链
数字化
资金约束
融资策略
shipping supply chain
digitization
financial constraint
financing strategy
