摘要
在城市更新与健康老龄化的转型期,如何为不同活动能力老年人健康行为提供有效的建成环境支持,是提升既有住区适老化水平的重要议题。基于天津市典型既有住区的建成环境数据和老年健康行为数据,运用结构方程与中介效应模型,探究物理、感知、社会等建成环境要素对不同活动能力老年健康人行为的促进机制。研究发现:活动方便与活动迟缓老年人在行为空间分布、单次活动时长、健康行为类型存在明显差异。针对活动方便老人,物理环境的促进作用明显高于感知环境与社会环境,活动空间聚集度贡献度最高。而针对活动迟缓老年人,感知环境的促进作用更为显著,安全性与舒适性的贡献程度较高。感知环境与社会环境在活动迟缓的老年人健康行为影响路径起到更为明显的中介效应。结果直观地反映出既有住区建成环境要素促进不同活动能力老年人健康行为的作用类型和强度,为城市更新精准规划提供了决策依据。
When seeking to improve the age-friendliness of older residential areas in the transition to urban renewal and healthy aging,it is necessary to know how to use the built environment to support aged people at different activity levels.This study used the SOR model from environmental psychology to set up a hypothesis framework for multidimensional built environmental elements to promote healthy behaviors among the aged.It used the physical environment as the stimulation source,the healthy behaviors of the aged as the response,and the perceived environment and social environment as the mediating variables.In addition,individual elements acted as covariates to control their effects on the healthy behaviors of the aged.Based on built environmental data and the healthy behaviors of 2,893 older people in 16 typical old residential communities in Tianjin,the study explored the promotion mechanisms of built environmental elements(physical,perceptual,and social)in the healthy behaviors of the aged at different activity levels by using structural equations and mediating effect models.The results showed that 84%of the respondents were physically active,while 16%were physically retarded.Only 26%and 18%of the aged exceeded the recommended 150 minutes of walking and physical activity per week,respectively,while 59%exceeded the recommended 150 minutes of static leisure activity per week.Generally,the physical consumption of dynamic activities was relatively low,and most activities were relatively static.Among older people at different activity levels,the proportion of physically retarded people over 80 was relatively high.As the spatial enjoyment of healthy behaviors of the aged is in the high-precision geographic environment of old residential communities,this is where the study focused its analysis.The intensity of healthy behavior generally decreased from the center to the edges.With increased distance,the enjoyment of healthy behaviors decreased obviously.Some spaces,such as community activity spaces and community parks,produced aggregation effects on the healthy behaviors of the aged and drove aggregation intensity of the surrounding street spaces.The behavior space of physically active older people was characteristic of"multi-point spatial distribution,obvious differences in duration,and rich activities".This activity path distance fluctuated within 100~600 meters.The behavior space of physically retarded old people was characteristic of the"dominate role of near-home spaces,regular length of stay,and single type of activities",and most activity spaces were within a radius of 200 meters.For physically active older people,the promotion effect of the physical environment was significantly higher than the perceived environment and the social environment.The aggregation degree of activity space was the most effective indicator,with the proportion of activity space in the neighborhood making the highest contribution.In the perceived environment,comfort had the strongest facilitating effect,to which resting seats contributed the most.For physically retarded older people,the promotion effect of the perceived environment was more significant,and safety promoted their healthy behaviors the most.Specifically,the barrier-free access system made the biggest contribution to safety.For older people at different activity levels,neighborhood communication in the social environment could facilitate their healthy behaviors the most.Also,the perceived environment and social environment provided an obvious mediating effect on the healthy behaviors of physically retarded older people.The research results intuitively reflect the promotion type and intensity of built environmental elements of old residential communities in the healthy behaviors of older people at different activity levels.They provide some references for decision-making on accurate urban renewal planning.
作者
高梦溪
孔江伟
汪丽君
GAO Mengxi;KONG Jiangwei;WANG Lijun
出处
《南方建筑》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第9期68-75,共8页
South Architecture
基金
“十四五”国家重点研发计划子课题(2023YFC3807404-3):基于亲和感的空间包容性优化技术。
关键词
建成环境
老年健康行为
活动能力差异
既有住区
促进机制
built environment
health behaviors of old people
differences in mobility
old residential community
promotion mechanisms
