摘要
中古以降,所谓班固撰《高祖沛泗水亭碑铭》流传甚广,见于多种史注、地志、类书、政书等。宋人编《古文苑》收录了包括《十八侯铭》在内的完整铭文。从结构与内容看,这是一篇由“序文”和“正文”构成且旨在“叙将十八,赞述股肱”的东汉作品。表面上对应高祖功臣“十八侯”,真正的话语模板却是东汉“中兴二十八将”,是明帝永平年间确立这一新制后的产物。这一作品对应一尊立于沛县泗水亭高祖庙前的巨大石碑,并非东汉前期班固奉章帝之命撰作,或与丰县的“高祖感应碑”一样,同为桓帝延熹十年丰令刘亹所立。碑文传为班固作品乃至收入文集,与南朝后期“汉书学”的发达有关。
Since long before,it has been generally accepted that Ban Gu authored the“Inscription on the Sishuiting Stele in Praise of Han Gaozu”,which has almost become a consensus among the elite class.Qing scholars and contemporary researchers often cite it as Ban Gu's work without any doubt,except that Gu Jiegang once argued against the authenticity of Ban Gu's authorship based on Hong Mai's opinion,believing it to be a forgery between the Jin and Tang dynasties.This paper attempts to discuss this issue from both textual and carrier perspectives.In Ancient Literary Garden,an anthology of poems and essays compiled in the Song Dynasty,we find two inscriptions written by Ban Gu:“Inscription on the Sishuiting Stele in Praise of Han Gaozu”and“Inscription in Praise of Eighteen Generals”.An examination of the structure and content of these two works reals that they are actually two parts of one text,with the former being the“preface”and the latter being the“body”.The theme of the entire piece is to“narrate stories of the eighteen generals and praise meritorious assistants”.The so-called“eighteen generals”usually refers to the eighteen meritorious men listed by Han Gaozu.Their names and their ranking on the list are recorded in both the Records of the Grand Historian and the Book of Han.However,the names of those eighteen generals and their ranking in“Inscription in Praise of Eighteen Generals”in the Ancient Literary Garden were different.This new version of eighteen generals represents more of the historical evaluation of the meritorious men who had assisted Liu Bang to throne,and the text must have been written earlier than Lu Ji's“Ode to Han Gaozu's Meritorious Ministers”in Jin Dynasty.Despite the author's use of“eighteen generals”,the word“general”was not used in its strict sense of“a military commander”;instead,it referred to those great heroes that had contributed to the establishment of the Western Han,surely including civil ministers such as Xiao He,Zhang Liang and Chen Ping,among other counsellors of Liu Bang.On the surface,the author of the inscription was singing praise of Han Gaozu's eighteen generals,but he was actually writing after the model of the“twenty-eight generals of mid-Easten Han”:thus,it was a text of the Yongping period when Emperor Ming of Eastern Han decided on the practice of carving inscriptions on monuments.The stone tablet on which the text was inscribed must have been a big monument erected near Sishuiting in Peixian County after Emperor Ming of Eastern Han's time,a practice which had not begun in Ban Gu's time,that is,the late first century AD.Indeed,throughout the entire Western Han period it was rare to use the royal power of the Luoyang court itself as the subject of a monument.According to the“Sishui”section in Commentary on the Classic of Water,a stone stele was erected in Sishuiting in the tenth year of the Yanxi reign(176 AD),and that must have been the same stele mentioned in the article in Ancient Literary Garden.The Record of Steles compiled in Song Dynasty also mentions the“Han Gaozu Ganying Stele”and“Sishuiting Stele in Praise of Han Gaozu”in north Fengxian County by“Magistrate Liu Wei in the tenth year of the Yanxi reign”,suggesting that both steles had probably been erected by Liu Wei at the same time.If this is true.the names of eighteen generals,different from those in the Book of Han,and the inscriptions on the stele can be regarded as Liu Wei's personal evaluation of those meritorious assistants of Han Gaozu.However,that this work of the late Eastern Han period has been attributed to Ban Gu since long before is closely related to the popularity of the Book of Han studies in the late Southern Dynasties.
出处
《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第5期144-153,216,217,共12页
Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“出土墓志与后期拓跋国家研究”(18BZS045)。
关键词
班固
《高祖沛泗水亭碑铭》
《十八侯铭》
东汉
石刻文化
Ban Gu
Inscriptions on the Sishuiting Stele in Praise of Han Gaozu
Inscriptions in Praise of Eighteen Generals
Eastern Han
Stone carving culture
