摘要
全球自然保护地的保护成效已被广泛认可,但仍面临覆盖面积、生态系统代表性和物种保护程度不足等问题;同时,多数自然保护地面积小、连通性差,且面临气候变化与人类活动威胁,迫切需要通过自然保护地扩张与连通性管理,系统提升自然保护地的稳定性及其保护成效。尽管已有研究尝试通过生态廊道实现自然保护地连通,但尚未形成统一的概念,且缺少构建与优化框架的普遍共识。本文系统梳理相关研究进展,提出了自然保护地连通网络的概念内涵和分类体系,以及连通网络构建与优化框架及常用方法。自然保护地连通网络根据保护目标可分为生物迁徙网络、结构稳定网络和气候连通网络,按照“自然保护地扩张—景观阻力面构建—生态廊道提取—连通网络优化”框架,基于不同方法进行构建与优化。当前自然保护地连通网络研究侧重静态视角下构建短期有效的连通网络,强调直接生态效益而忽视保护投入与社会价值。未来应使用长时序数据基于动态视角构建自然保护地动态连通网络;应对土地利用变化与气候变化威胁,保障自然保护地连通网络的长期有效;权衡多重保护目标,以及发展与保护的需求,基于成本—效益分析确定连通网络构建与优化的最佳方案;提升连通网络的社会附加价值以获得更多支持。
Global protected areas have been widely recognized for their conservation effectiveness,but are still facing problems such as insufficient coverage,ecosystem representation and species protected progress.At the same time,most of the protected areas are small,poorly connected and threatened by climate change and human activities.This highlights the urgent need to systematically improve the stability and conservation effectiveness of protected areas through the expansion and connectivity management of protected areas.Although some studies have tried to realize the connectivity of protected areas through ecological corridors,a unified concept has not been proposed,and a general consensus of the construction and optimization framework is lacking.Through a systematic review of relevant studies,the definition and classification system of protected area connectivity network,as well as the construction and optimization framework are put forward.According to the conservation objectives,protected area connectivity network can be divided into three categories,namely biological migration network,structural stability network and climate connectivity network.Different methods can be used to construct and optimize protected area connectivity network according to the framework of"expansion and optimization of protected areas-construction of landscape resistance surface-extraction of ecological corridors-connectivity network optimization".Current research focuses on constructing short-term effective network from a static perspective,emphasizing direct ecological benefits while ignoring conservation input and social value.In future research,dynamic connectivity network should be constructed from a dynamic perspective based on long time series data.The long-term effectiveness of the connectivity network should be safeguarded against the future threats of land use change and climate change.The optimal scheme of connectivity network construction and optimization should be determined based on cost-benefit analysis,considering the trade-off of different conservation objectives and social development.Finally,the social added value of the connectivity network should be enhanced to gain more support.
作者
姜虹
彭建
JIANG Hong;PENG Jian(Technology Innovation Center for Integrated Ecosystem Restoration and Sustainable Utilization,Ministry of Natural Resources,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)
出处
《地理学报》
EI
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第9期2176-2190,共15页
Acta Geographica Sinica
基金
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2021BEG03019)。
关键词
自然保护地连通网络
生态廊道
生物迁徙
结构稳定
气候连通
protected area connectivity network
ecological corridor
biological migration
structural stability
climate connectivity
