摘要
地质灾害隐患是我国山区铁路运输安全面临的巨大威胁,及早发现、诊断和处置灾害隐患对于铁路安全风险防范具有重要意义。为满足隐患精细化防治需求,系统归纳总结了我国山区运营铁路普遍存在的地质灾害隐患类型及特征,通过将灾害筛查、危险性评估与监测预警技术有机结合与融合应用,提出了基于天空地多源遥感和人工智能的铁路地质灾害早期识别与监测预警技术路线。研究表明:(1)我国山区铁路的地质灾害隐患主要表现出高位陡坡多、隐蔽性和潜伏性强、受工程扰动影响大、远程链式致灾和缓变型隐患分布广泛5种突出特征;(2)联合采用卫星遥感、InSAR、机载LIDAR和无人机遥感技术,实现了不同类型灾害隐患的精细化识别,形成了多层次立体化的铁路沿线隐患筛查技术方法;(3)融合应用机器学习、图像识别及变化检测等人工智能方法,提出了铁路沿线灾害危险性评估与监测预警技术路线,并通过工程应用验证了技术方案的有效性;(4)结合铁路工程特点,提出了以“区域-区段-工点”为主线的铁路地质灾害三级防控策略,构建了适用于铁路运维的地质灾害早期识别与监测预警技术体系。
Geological hazards pose a significant threat to the safety of railway transportation in China's mountainous regions,making early detection,diagnosis,and mitigation of these risks essential for ensuring railway safety.In order to meet the demand for advanced hazard prevention and control,this study systematically summarized the common types and characteristics of geological hazards found along mountainous railways in China.By integrating disaster screening,hazard assessment,monitoring and early warning technologies,a technical route for the early identification,monitoring,and early warning of railway geological hazards,based on air-ground multi-source remote sensing and artificial intelligence,was proposed.The study revealed that:(1)Geological hazards in China's mountainous railways mainly exhibit five prominent characteristics:numerous high,steep slopes,strong concealment and latency,high susceptibility to engineering disturbances,remote chain-triggered disasters and widespread slow-evolving hazards;(2)The joint use of satellite remote sensing,InSAR,airborne LIDAR and UAV remote sensing technologies enables detailed identification of different hazard types,forming a multi-tiered and comprehensive hazard screening method along railway lines;(3)By integrating artificial intelligence methods such as machine learning,image recognition and change detection,a technical route for hazard assessment,monitoring,and early warning along railway lines was developed,and its effectiveness was verified through engineering applications;(4)Based on the characteristics of railway engineering,a three-level prevention and control strategy for railway geological hazards-centered on"region-section-worksite"-was proposed,and a technical system for early identification,monitoring,and early warning of geological hazards suitable for railway operations and maintenance was established.
作者
孙琪皓
刘桂卫
王飞
张璇钰
王衍汇
SUN Qihao;LIU Guiwei;WANG Fei;ZHANG Xuanyu;WANG Yanhui(China Railway Design Corporation,Tianjin 300143,China)
出处
《铁道标准设计》
北大核心
2024年第9期24-31,共8页
Railway Standard Design
基金
中国铁路设计集团科技开发重点课题(2020YY241013,2021A240403,2021A240408,2022A02264005)。
关键词
铁路
地质灾害
早期识别
隐患筛查
危险性评估
监测预警
railway
geological disasters
early identification
hidden dangers screening
risk assessment
monitoring and early warning
