摘要
为探索黄淮海区适宜的大豆、鲜食玉米间作模式,采用鲜食玉米播期与密度二因素裂区设计,研究了不同鲜食玉米群体对大豆、鲜食玉米间作体系作物的产量、农艺性状及作物间相对竞争力的影响。结果表明:鲜食玉米3个播期A1(6月30日)、A2(7月7日)、A3(7月14日)与3个种植密度B1(3.20万株·hm^(-2))、B2(3.80万株·hm^(-2))、B3(4.50万株·hm^(-2))共9个处理不影响间作的产量优势,土地当量比(LER)都大于1;从播期方面看,A1、A2和A3的LER均值分别为1.26,1.20和1.15,差异达到显著水平(P<0.05),A1与A2差异不显著;同一播期不同密度条件下,B2的LER最大,B3居中,B1最小。鲜食玉米播期与密度互作对大豆的产量、百粒重无显著性影响,对株高、茎粗、单株荚数、单株粒数产生了显著性影响;鲜食玉米产量和百粒重随着播期的延后逐渐变小,A3的百粒重仅为A1的69.1%,且同一播期内百粒重随着密度的增加逐渐变小。鲜食玉米播期推后抑制了大豆、鲜食玉米共生后期鲜食玉米资源竞争力的恢复,共生前期大豆占优势地位,共生后期鲜食玉米的资源竞争力逐渐变强。因此,就本研究而言,大豆、鲜食玉米间作体系中鲜食玉米应不晚于7月7日播种,种植密度3.80万株·hm^(-2)有利于大豆、鲜食玉米间作体系总产量的提高。
In order to explore the suitable planting mode of soybean and fresh maize intercropping system in Huang-huai-hai region,this experiment used the two-factor split plot design of sowing date and density of fresh maize to study the effects of different fresh maize populations on crop yield,agronomic traits and relative competitiveness of crops.The results showed that 9 treatments of 3 sowing dates A1(June 30),A2(July 7),A3(July 14) and 3 densities B1(32 000 plants·ha^(-1)),B2(38 000 plants·ha^(-1)),B3(45 000 plants·ha^(-1)) did not affect the yield advantage of intercropping,and the land equivalent ratio(LER) was all greater than 1.For main factor sowing date,the mean LER value of A1,A2 and A3 was 1.26,1.20 and 1.15,respectively,with significant differences(P<0.05),while the difference between A1 and A2 was not significant.Under different densities in the same sowing period,the LER of B2( 38 000 plants·ha^(-1)) was the largest,B3(45 000 plants·ha^(-1)) was the middle,and B1(32 000 plants·ha^(-1)) was the smallest.Sowing date and density of fresh maize had no significant effects on yield and 100-seed weight of soybean,but had significant effects on plant height,stem diameter,pods number per plant and seeds number per plant.The yield and 100-grain weight of fresh food maize decreased gradually with the delay of sowing date.The 100-grain weight of A3 was only 69.1% of that of A1,and the 100-grain weight of A3 decreased gradually with the increase of density in the same sowing period.The delayed sowing date of fresh maize inhibited the recovery of the resource competitiveness of fresh maize in the late stage of soybean and fresh maize symbiosis,and the resource competitiveness of fresh maize in the early stage of symbiosis became stronger gradually.Therefore,in terms of this study,when the fresh maize in the soybean and fresh maize intercropping system was sown no later than July 7,and the planting density was 38 000 plants·ha^(-1),the crop yield in the soybean and fresh maize intercropping system reached the best combination.
作者
张莹莹
牛永锋
孙海潮
董文恒
李永江
张盼
史丽丽
卢道文
ZHANG Yingying;NIU Yongfeng;SUN Haichao;DONG Wenheng;LI Yongjiang;ZHANG Pan;SHI Lili;LU Daowen(Anyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/High Quality Soybean Improvement Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province,Anyang 455000,China)
出处
《大豆科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第5期589-598,共10页
Soybean Science
基金
河南省重大公益专项(201300111100)
安阳市重点研发与推广专项(2022C01NY013)。
关键词
大豆、鲜食玉米间作
鲜食玉米播期
密度
产量
soybean and fresh maize intercropping
sowing time of fresh maize
density
yield
