摘要
空气污染不仅会对个体身心健康产生影响,而且会对创业的成本和收益产生影响,进而影响创业倾向,不过已有研究大都忽视了空气污染对创业倾向的影响。本文首先基于社会认知理论分析了空气污染对个体创业倾向的影响机理,然后基于笔者在全国范围内发放的790份调查问卷,实证检验了空气污染对个体创业倾向的影响,并且分析了个体风险偏好和社会资本所起的调节效应。本文的研究结论主要包括三点。第一,空气污染会加剧创业面临的不确定性、降低创业的预期收益、提高创业失败的概率,从而降低个体创业倾向。第二,个体风险偏好会负向调节空气污染对个体创业倾向的影响。个体越偏好风险,空气污染对其创业倾向的影响越弱。第三,个体所拥有的社会资本也会负向调节空气污染对个体创业倾向的影响。个体所拥有的社会资本越丰富,空气污染对其创业倾向的影响越弱。有鉴于此,政府部门应继续加大力度整治空气污染,多措并举减少创业者面临的不确定性,从而提高潜在创业者的创业倾向。潜在创业者应该充分了解政府部门针对创业提供的政策保障,积极参与多种多样的社会团体和创业培训教育,从而更好地应对空气污染所引发的创业风险,提高创业成功率。
Air pollution not only affects individual physical and mental health but also has an impact on the costs and benefits of entrepreneurship,thereby affecting individual entrepreneurial intention.First,air pollution can exacerbate the uncertainty for entrepreneurship,weaken the self-efficacy of entrepreneurship,and thus reduce individual entrepreneurial intention.Second,air pollution can increase the cost of entrepreneurship,reduce production efficiency,and thus reduce the expected benefits of entrepreneurship,which will weaken the self-efficacy of individual entrepreneurs.Third,air pollution increases the probability of entrepreneurial failure,thereby weakening the self-efficacy of individual entrepreneurs.However,most studies have overlooked the impact of air pollution on individual entrepreneurial intention.This paper first analyzes the impact mechanism of air pollution on individual entrepreneurial intention based on social cognitive theory.Then,based on 790 questionnaires distributed nationwide,this paper empirically tests the impact of air pollution on individual entrepreneurial intention and analyzes the moderating effects of individual risk preferences and social capital.The conclusions of this article include three points.Firstly,air pollution can reduce individual entrepreneurial intention.Secondly,individual risk preferences negatively moderate the impact of air pollution on individual entrepreneurial intention.The more individuals prefer risk,the weaker the impact of air pollution on their entrepreneurial intention.Thirdly,social capital possessed by individuals also negatively moderates the impact of air pollution on their entrepreneurial intention.The richer the social capital an individual possesses,the weaker the impact of air pollution on their entrepreneurial intention.Therefore,the government should continue to increase efforts to combat air pollution and take multiple measures to reduce the uncertainty faced by entrepreneurs,thereby enhancing the entrepreneurial intention of potential entrepreneurs.Potential entrepreneurs should fully understand the policy guarantees provided by government departments for entrepreneurship,and actively participate in various social groups and entrepreneurship training and education,to better cope with the entrepreneurial risks caused by air pollution and improve the success rate of entrepreneurship.Compared with existing literature,this paper has two aspects of marginal contributions.Firstly,most existing studies only analyze the impact of air pollution on the number of entrepreneurs,neglecting the impact of air pollution on entrepreneurial intention.This paper empirically tests the impact of air pollution on individual entrepreneurial intention,which contributes to the government s more comprehensive evaluation of the overall impact of air pollution on entrepreneurship.Secondly,based on social cognitive theory,this paper analyzes the impact of air pollution on entrepreneurial intention from a theoretical perspective,thereby enriching the application scenarios of social cognitive theory in the field of entrepreneurship research.Although there is already a large amount of literature applying social cognitive theory to the field of entrepreneurship research,none of existing literature has used social cognitive theory to analyze the impact of air pollution on entrepreneurship.Compared with existing literature,this paper introduces social cognitive theory into the field of the impact of air pollution on entrepreneurship,thus enriching the application scenarios of social cognitive theory in the field of entrepreneurship research.
作者
王珊珊
林嵩
WANG Shanshan;LIN Song
出处
《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第8期147-164,共18页
Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目“光鲜背后的艰辛:创业者健康的理论建构与实证研究”(72072192)。
关键词
空气污染
创业倾向
风险偏好
社会资本
大众创业
air pollution
individual entrepreneurial intention
risk preferences
social capital
mass entrepreneurship
