摘要
为探讨营养生长及生殖生长关键期氮磷肥配施对高寒区本土老芒麦产草量及营养价值的影响,在分蘖-拔节期和抽穗-开花期,设计不同氮磷配肥组合,观测不同施肥组合对本土老芒麦分蘖、产草量及产草量动态、茎叶比、牧草养分含量、总可消化养分(TDN)、相对饲喂价值(RFV)和粗饲料品质分级指标(GI)的影响,为高寒区本土老芒麦优质高产提供合理的配肥方案和参考。结果表明:分蘖-拔节期和抽穗-开花期追施尿素(Urea)或磷酸二铵(DAP)均能促进老芒麦分蘖,且前期效果较好。拔节~抽穗期老芒麦生长最快,产草量增量最大,期间各施肥组合干物质积累占39%~44%,2和3龄老芒麦均以Ⅴ、Ⅰ和Ⅱ组产草量及产草量增幅较大,2龄老芒麦Ⅴ、Ⅰ和Ⅱ组分别增产鲜草1759.59、1707.16、1148.38 kg/hm^(2);3龄Ⅴ、Ⅰ和Ⅳ、Ⅱ组分别增产鲜草1769.14、1755.81、1100.08、901.13 kg/hm^(2)。两生长期追施Urea均可降低老芒麦茎叶比,改善牧草品质,而SSP改善草品质的作用较低。Ⅴ、Ⅰ和Ⅱ、Ⅳ组均不同程度提高了本土老芒麦粗蛋白质(CP)含量和TDN、RFV值,降低中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量,改善其草品质和营养价值,依据GI将各施肥组合老芒麦饲草分为Ⅰ组(2.34)和Ⅴ组(2.06)、Ⅱ组(1.85)和Ⅳ组(1.87)、Ⅲ组(1.59)和Ⅵ组(1.42)三个等级。综上所述,分蘖-拔节期和抽穗-开花期追施Urea或DAP均能促进老芒麦分蘖,采用DAP+DAP(Ⅴ组)、Urea+Urea(Ⅰ组)和Urea+SSP(Ⅱ组)的施肥组合,可提高2龄和3龄本土老芒麦鲜、干草产量和CP含量,以及TDN、RFV和GI值,降低NDF和ADF含量,改善其饲草品质和营养价值。
To explore the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer combined application during the critical period of vegetative and reproductive growth on the production of native Elymus sibiricus in alpine region,design different nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer combinations during the tillering to elongation stage and heading to flowering stage,observe the effects of different fertilization combinations on tillering,grass yield,dynamic change of grass yield,ratio of stem to leaf,nutrient content,total digestible nutrient(TDN),relative feeding value(RFV),and quality grading index of forage(GI),provide a reasonable combined fertilization scheme and Reference for the high yield of native Elymus sibiricus in alpine region.The results showed that,topdressing with urea or diammonium phosphate could promote tillering of Elymus sibiricus during the tillering to elongation stage and heading to flowering stage,and the effect was better in the early stage.During the elongation to heading stages,the growth of Elymus sibiricus was the fastest,with the largest increment of grass yield,the dry matter accumulation of each fertilization combination reached 39%to 44%during this period.The grass yield and grass yield increment in group V,I,and II increased significantly in both 2-year-old and 3-year-old Elymus sibiricus,the yield of fresh grass increased by 1759.59,1707.16,1148.38 kg/hm^(2) in group V,I,and II of 2-year-old Elymus sibiricus,which increased by 1769.14,1755.81,1100.08,901.13 kg/hm^(2) in groups V,I,IV and II of 3-year-old Elymus sibiricus,respectively.Topdressing Urea and DAP could reduce the stem-leaf ratio and improve the grass quality,while the effect of SSP was less.The CP content,TDN and RFV values of local Elymus sibiricus were increased,the NDF and ADF contents were decreased,and the grass quality and nutritional value were improved to varying degrees in groups V,I,II and IV.According to GI,the forage of each fertilization combination was divided into three grades:group I(2.34)and group V(2.06),group II(1.85)and group IV(1.87),group III(1.59)and group VI(1.42).In conclusion,the application of Urea or DAP during the tillering to jointing stage and the heading to flowering stage could promote the tillering of Elymus sibiricus.The fertilization combination of DAP+DAP(group V),Urea+Urea(group I),and Urea+SSP(group II)could increase the fresh and dry grass yield,CP content,TDN,RFV,and GI values of 2-year-old and 3-year-old Elymus sibiricus,reduce the content of NDF and ADF,and improve its forage quality and nutritional value.
作者
徐正辉
俞慧云
杨浩
俞联平
李新媛
李智燕
张贞明
潘正武
安耕
任越
杜笑村
XU Zhenghui;YU Huiyun;YANG Hao;YU Lianping;LI Xinyuan;LI Zhiyan;ZHANG Zhenming;PAN Zhengwu;AN Geng;RENG Yue;DU Xiaocun(Gansu Grassland Technology Extension Station,Lanzhou,Gansu Province 730010,China;Tianzhu County Grassland Workstation,Tianzhu,Gansu Province 733200,China;Gulang County Grassland Workstation,Gulang,Gansu Province 733100,China)
出处
《中国饲料》
北大核心
2024年第19期137-145,共9页
China Feed
基金
甘肃省重点研发计划-农业类“高寒草原植被恢复本土野生牧草品种种植资源保护及驯化选育”(21YF5NA033)
甘肃省林业和草原科技项目“祁连山本土披碱草品种的驯化选育”(2021kj069)。
关键词
本土老芒麦
营养生长及生殖生长期
氮磷肥组合
产草量
养分含量
总消化养分
相对饲喂价值
饲料品质分级指数
native elymus sibiricus
vegetative growth and reproductive growth
nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization combination
grass yield
nutrient content
total digestible nutrient
relative feeding value
quality grading index of forage
