摘要
针对现场长期无法实现简单、可靠地判断电力设备局部放电(PD)的技术难题,该文基于压电超声波法传感原理和二维平面式特高频传感原理,在前期可行性验证的基础上,采用全向性环形叉指换能器(IDT)电极结构构建了可同时感知PD超声波信号和电磁波信号的锆钛酸铅(PZT)基PD特高频传感器结构,利用COMSOL和HFSS分别构建传感器三维声学和电磁仿真优化模型,获得全面反映复合型传感器超声感知性能的谐振点位移、接收灵敏度及反映高频电磁波感知性能的驻波比(VSWR)参数,并对其进行优化计算。同时分别搭建传感器超声波增益测试平台和PD检测实验平台对传感器性能进行实测。仿真和实验结果表明,该文所设计的PZT基PD特高频传感器在20~200 kHz频带内感知超声波的平均灵敏度为19.6 dB,98 kHz谐振点位移为0.45μm;在0.3~3 GHz频带内感知电磁波的VSWR≤5。该文解决了电力设备PD检测常用的超声波法和特高频法无法利用单一传感器同时感知超声波信号和电磁波信号的问题,为现场电力设备PD的简单、可靠感知提供了新的解决思路。
Partial discharge(PD)occurs in the operation of power equipment,and it is very important to effectively detect PD of power equipment.However,the traditional single detection method is easy to be limited by the complex electromagnetic interference and signal sampling rate on the spot,and can not rely on a single detection method to reliably detect the PD of power equipment.In recent years,some methods for PD detection have been proposed,but most of them have the problems of low detection accuracy,high cost of multi-equipment joint detection and complex operation.In order to solve these problems,this paper proposes a PZT-based PD UHF sensor based on the principle of piezoelectric ultrasonic method and two-dimensional planar UHF sensing principle,which can simultaneously perceive ultrasonic signal and electromagnetic wave signal.Through the effective detection of the sensor,the PD characteristic signal of power equipment can be obtained accurately and reliably.Firstly,based on the sensing principle of piezoelectric ultrasonic method and the principle of two-dimensional planar ultra-high frequency sensing,an omnidirectional annular IDT electrode structure is constructed to construct a PZT-based PD ultra-high frequency sensor structure model with simultaneous sensing function of PD ultrasonic signal and electromagnetic wave signal.Secondly,COMSOL and HFSS are used to construct the three-dimensional acoustic and electromagnetic simulation optimization of the sensor.The standing wave ratio parameters of the resonance point displacement,receiving sensitivity and high-frequency electromagnetic wave sensing performance of the comprehensive response composite sensor are simulated and optimized.Thirdly,the sensor ultrasonic gain test platform and PD detection experimental platform are built to measure the performance of the sensor.In this model,the omnidirectional model structure solves the problem that the sensor cannot receive the ultrasonic signal in all directions,and the PZT-based sensor solves the problem that the sensor welding process is complex and easy to fall off,thus forming an accurate and reliable sensing model.The simulation and measurement results of the sensor show that the displacement of the resonance point of the PZT-based UHF sensor with the thickness of 0.40 mm is the largest at 98 kHz,and the calculation results of the other thicknesses are less than 0.40 mm.And the average sensitivity increases with the increase of substrate thickness,and the growth rate tends to be gentle after 0.40 mm.At the same time,the UHF receiving performance mainly affects the bandwidth of VSWR≤5.Furthermore,except for 8.75 mm,the variation trend of the corresponding ultrasonic sensing sensitivity is basically the same,but the gap is basically within 5 dB.At the same time,the bandwidth of VSWR≤5 increases with the increase of feeder distance,indicating that the increase of feeder distance is beneficial to expand the sensing range of UHF signal.Therefore,the substrate thickness of 0.40 mm and the feeder distance of 10.5 mm are used as the sensor parameters.The average sensitivity of ultrasonic sensing is 19.6 dB in the frequency band of 20~200 kHz,and the displacement of 98 kHz resonance point is 0.45μm.The electromagnetic wave sensing VSWR≤5 in the 0.3~3 GHz band.From the simulation analysis,the following conclusions can be drawn:(1)The PZT-based composite sensor solves the problem that the ultrasonic method and the UHF method commonly used in PD detection of power equipment cannot use a single sensor to perceive two signals at the same time.Therefore,it is appropriate to apply the sensor to PD detection of power equipment.(2)The designed annular IDT structure has the omni-directional receiving performance of the ultrasonic signal,and the detection range is more comprehensive than the traditional IDT structure sensor.
作者
张国治
田晗绿
张磊
鲁昌悦
张晓星
Zhang Guozhi;Tian Hanlü;Zhang Lei;Lu Changyue;Zhang Xiaoxing(Hubei Engineering Research Center for Safety Monitoring of New Energy and Power Grid Equipment,Hubei University of Technology,Wuhan430068,China;Wuhan NARI Co.Ltd,State Grid Electric Power Research Institute,Wuhan430074,China;College of Power and Mechanical Engineering,Wuhan University,Wuhan430072,China;Electric Power Research Institute of Guangxi Power Grid Co.Ltd,Nanning530000,China;Xiangyang Industrial Institute of Hubei University of Technology,Xiangyang441100,China)
出处
《电工技术学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第19期6215-6227,共13页
Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society
基金
湖北省自然科学基金创新群体项目(2021CFA025)
湖北省自然科学基金(2023AFB895)资助项目
国家自然科学基金(52107144)。
关键词
电力设备
局部放电
超声
特高频
融合感知
Electric equipment
partial discharge
ultrasound
ultra high frequency(UHF)
integrated perception
