摘要
目的探析某高校学生呼吸道传染病发病特点及消毒知识掌握现状,为提出针对性预防策略及提高消毒知识相关措施提供参考依据。方法选取2020-2023年,于北京外国语大学医院就诊的某高校呼吸道传染病学生共195例为本次研究对象。通过调查问卷方式,收集参与本次研究的呼吸道传染病学生呼吸道传染病类型、发病时间、性别及消毒知识掌握现状,进行对比分析。结果195例呼吸道传染病学生中,水痘占比39.49%(77/195),流行性腮腺炎占比23.59%(46/195),流行性感冒占比17.44%(34/195),肺结核占比10.26%(20/195),麻疹占比5.64%(11/195),风疹占比3.59%(7/195)。2020-2023年,呼吸道传染病发病学生分别为40、45、52、58例。2020、2021、2023年的发病患者中,呼吸道传染病类型主要为水痘,占比分别为52.50%、44.44%、32.76%,呈逐年下降趋势。2022年的发病患者中,主要为流行性腮腺炎。2020-2023年,呼吸道传染病类型中风疹占比最低,分别为2.50%、2.22%、3.85%、5.17%,占比呈整体上升趋势。118例男性患者中,水痘占比38.14%(45/118),流行性腮腺炎占比26.27%(31/118),流行性感冒占比15.25%(18/118),肺结核占比10.17%(12/118),麻疹占比5.93%(7/118),风疹占比4.24%(5/118)。77例女性患者中,水痘占比41.56%(32/77),流行性腮腺炎占比19.48%(15/77),流行性感冒占比20.78%(16/77),肺结核占比10.39%(8/77),麻疹占比5.19%(4/77),风疹占比2.60%(2/77)。男、女呼吸道传染病学生不同呼吸道传染病发病类型占比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2020-2023年,呼吸道发病时间主要为冬春季,3~5月份累计占比为36.41%(71/195),11~次年1月份累计占比为35.38%(69/195)。水痘的高发月份为11、12、1月,流行性腮腺炎的高发月份为3、4、5月,流行性感冒的高发月份为10、11、12月,肺结核在不同月份均有发病病例,麻疹主要于4月份发病,风疹主要于5月份发病。对呼吸道传染病患者进行问卷调查显示,患者对“通过熏醋可以将新型冠状病毒杀灭”“过度使用消毒剂可以对环境及身体健康造成一定危害”“采用肥皂洗涤,即可达到完全消毒目标”三个题目的正确率最高,对“家庭消毒的面积越大,消毒效果越好”“通过消毒可以将物体表面的所有细菌、病毒等微生物杀灭”“可以采用喷洒酒精的方式对室内空气进行消毒”三个题目的正确率最低。结论某高校学生呼吸道传染病主要以水痘、流行性腮腺炎为主,2020、2021、2023年的发病患者主要为水痘,2022年的发病患者主要为流行性腮腺炎。不同性别呼吸道传染病学生呼吸道传染病发病类型占比无差异。发病时间主要为冬春季,水痘的高发月份为11、12、1月,流行性腮腺炎的高发月份为3、4、5月。
Objective To explore the incidence characteristics of respiratory infectious diseases and the current situation of disinfection knowledge mastery among students in a certain university,and to provide a reference basis for proposing targeted prevention strategies and measures to improve disinfection knowledge.MethodsA total of 195 students with respiratory infectious diseases from a certain university who were treated at the Hospital of Beijing Foreign Studies University from 2020 to 2023 were selected as the research subjects for this study.Through the questionnaire method,the types of respiratory infectious diseases,the onset time,gender and the current situation of disinfection knowledge mastery of the students with respiratory infectious diseases participating in this study were collected for comparative analysis.Results Among the 195 students with respiratory infectious diseases,varicella accounted for 39.49%(77/195),mumps accounted for 23.59%(46/195),influenza accounted for 17.44%(34/195),pulmonary tuberculosis accounted for 10.26%(20/195),measles accounted for 5.64%(11/195),and rubella accounted for 3.59%(7/195).From 2020 to 2023,the number of students with respiratory infectious diseases was 40,45,52,and 58 respectively.Among the patients with respiratory infectious diseases in 2020,2021,and 2023,the main type of respiratory infectious disease was varicella,accounting for 52.50%,44.44%,and 32.76%respectively,showing a decreasing trend year by year.Among the patients with respiratory infectious diseases in 2022,the main type of respiratory infectious disease was mumps.From 2020 to 2023,the proportion of rubella among the types of respiratory infectious diseases was the lowest,which was 2.50%,2.22%,3.85%,and 5.17%respectively,showing an overall upward trend.Among the 118 male patients,varicella accounted for 38.14%(45/118),mumps accounted for 26.27%(31/118),influenza accounted for 15.25%(18/118),pulmonary tuberculosis accounted for 10.17%(12/118),measles accounted for 5.93%(7/118),and rubella accounted for 4.24%(5/118).Among the 77 female patients,varicella accounted for 41.56%(32/77),mumps accounted for 19.48%(15/77),influenza accounted for 20.78%(16/77),pulmonary tuberculosis accounted for 10.39%(8/77),measles accounted for 5.19%(4/77),and rublla accounted for 2.60%(2/77).There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of different types of respiratory infectious diseases between male and female students with respiratory infectious diseases(P>0.05).From 2020 to 2023,the main onset time of respiratory diseases was in winter and spring.The cumulative proportion from March to May was 36.41%(71/195),and the cumulative proportion from November to January of the following year was 35.38%(69/195).The high-incidence months of varicella were November,December,and January.The high-incidence months of mumps were March,April,and May.The high-incidence months of influenza were October,November,and December.Pulmonary tuberculosis had cases in different months.Measles mainly occurred in April,and rubella mainly occurred in May.The questionnaire survey conducted on patients with respiratory infectious diseases showed that the patients had the highest correct rates for the three topics of"The novel coronavirus can be killed by fumigating vinegar","Excessive use of disinfectants can cause certain harm to the environment and physical health",and"Washing with soap can achieve the goal of complete disinfection".The patients had the lowest correct rates for the three topics of"The larger the area of home disinfection,the better the disinfection effect","All microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses on the surface of objects can be killed by disinfection",and"Indoor air can be disinfected by spraying alcohol".Conclusion The main respiratory infectious diseases among students in a certain university were varicella and mumps.The main type of respiratory infectious disease among the patients in 2020,2021 and 2023 was varicella,and the main type of respiratory infectious disease among the patients in 2022 was mumps.There was no difference in the proportion of types of respiratory infectious diseases among students of different genders.The main onset time was winter and spring.The high-incidence months of varicella were November,December and January,and the high-incidence months of mumps were March,April and May.
作者
王丽丽
李娟
葛丽娜
王晓丽
WANG Lili;LI Juan;GE Lina;WANG Xiaoli(The Hospital of Beijing Foreign Studies University,Beijing 100089,China;Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University)
出处
《中国病原生物学杂志》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第11期1327-1330,1335,共5页
Journal of Pathogen Biology
关键词
呼吸道传染病
发病特点
消毒知识
respiratory infectious diseases
incidence characteristics
disinfection knowledge
